關 鍵 詞: |
區塊鏈;競爭法;虛擬貨幣 |
中文摘要: |
區塊鏈是當前最受矚目的新興技術之一,但其實務應用也引發了諸多過往未曾想見的問題。其中,區塊鏈技術在競爭法上之定位與爭議判斷,無疑即是探究區塊鏈此一技術層面的新興「共通性技術」,於遭遇事業競爭此一應用層面的「共通性議題」時,究應如何適用現有法規並評估規範有無進行必要調適之課題。區塊鏈在技術層面所展現的若干特性,包括「去中心化設計」、「分散式帳冊」與「資料加密演算」等,直接影響適法問題的判斷並肯否互見。另從應用層面而論,自區塊鏈 1.0、區塊鏈 2.0乃至於區塊鏈 3.0,在區塊鏈不斷拓展其應用領域之際,亦有必要審慎應對伴隨而生的相關市場界定暨市場力量判斷問題。本文認為宜就區塊鏈分層結構進行分析,揆諸個案情況梳理 Layer 2「應用層」的具體應用態樣,再進而觀察「契約層」及 Layer 1 各個底層技術層之設計與實際操作,甫得合理探究系爭區塊鏈應用型態的供需情形以及是否存在替代性產品。長期而論,區塊鏈存在鬆動競爭法立論基礎之可能,抑或可得與競爭法相輔相成,則有持續追蹤觀察之必要。
|
英文摘要: |
Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize many industries, but some features of this hottest technology arise questions under competition related legislations. Viewed from a competition policy perspective blockchain might create opportunities to enhance competition and efficiency, but it also brings risks of anticompetitive conduct. The treatment of the competition law issues involved in blockchain must be analyzed both from the technical level and application level respectively. From the aspects of technical analysis, this article found that “Decentralized design”, “distributed ledger technology” and “hashing/encrypting” may bring positive and negative benefits when dealing with competition related issues. Toward the application level, the practical application of blockchain is no longer limited to cryptocurrencies and makes the definition of “Relevant Market” and “Market Power” increasingly difficult. The article compares theories of liability toward questions above and suggests focusing on the layered structure of the blockchain, in order to correctly define the product market involved in the relevant application and the actual market power of participants.
|
目 次: |
一、前言 二、區塊鏈技術與產業競爭規範 (一)區塊鏈基本概念 (二)區塊鏈主要分類 (三)區塊鏈、產業競爭與規範必要性 三、區塊鏈「技術層面」引發之問題 (一)去中心化架構 (二)分散式帳冊與資料加密演算 (三)共識機制與運算規則 四、區塊鏈「應用層面」引發之問題 (一)區塊鏈實務應用概況 (二)應用面下之產品市場界定問題:以加密貨幣為例 (三)區塊鏈「應用層面」之產品市場判斷建議 五、後續發展關鍵議題 (一)市場力量之判定 (二)聯合行為協議/合意存否之認定 六、結論
|
相關法條: |
 |
相關判解: |
 |
相關函釋: |
 |
相關論著: |
 |