| 關 鍵 詞： |
基本權功能；司法審查 |
| 中文摘要： |
基本權功能指基本權賦予人民的權利內涵，或課予國家的義務內容。本文主旨在觀釋憲的大法官在實務運作上究係如何在型塑、發展基本權的功能。本文研究發現，迄今經大法官直接間接發展出來的基本權功能，計有防禦權功能、受益權功能、保護義務功能、程序保障功能以及制度保障功能等五種。惟第五種的制度保障功能與前面幾個功能，在內涵上有相當程度的重疊。除防禦權功能外，其他功能都算是新興的基本權功能，其特徵都在於課予國家積極作為義務。由於在現代工業社會，人們的社會依存度越來越高，人民「自給自足」實現自己基本權的可能性已越來越低。所以大法官發展出新興基本權功能，提供理論基礎，課予國家積極幫助人民基本權實現的義務，是值得吾人肯定的發展趨勢。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
basic rights；functions of basic rights；judicial review |
| 英文摘要： |
The functions of basic rights refer to the meanings of rights that the Constitution accords to people, or the meanings of the obligations that the Constitution imposes on the state. The purpose of this paper is to observe and analyze how the Grand Justices, wtio are responsible for interpretation of the Constitution, have shaped and developed the functions of basic rights. The paper finds that the Grand Justices have, directly or indirectly, developed the following functions of basic rights . . . the right to defend, the right to receive benefit, the right to be protected, the right of procedural safeguard, and the right of institutional protection. The last one, i.e. the right of institutional protection, oyerlaps to a certain extent with the other four. Except the right to defend, the other four functions are newly developed ones, with the com-mon feature of imposing on the state the obligation to take positive step. In the modern industrialized society, the increasing dependence of individuals on the society has made them less capable of being “self sufficient”. The functions of basic rights newly developed by the Grand Justices, which provide a theoretical basis for imposing on the state obligations to actively assist the realization of basic rights, represent a very valuable legal development.
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| 目 次： |
一、前言
二、獨領風騷的防禦權功能
三、少有機會表示意見的受益權功能
四、萌芽中的保護義務功能
五、異軍突起的程序保障功能
六、內涵有待澄清的制度保障功能
七、結語
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