| 關 鍵 詞： |
醫療事故；因果關係；醫療傷害；損害賠償；邏輯；歸責；充分條件；必要條件；選言；連言；舉證責任 |
| 中文摘要： |
醫療事故中，醫療過失行為與醫療傷害間因果關係之探求，一直是醫療責任論斷的棘手問題。本文試以邏輯因果命題之充要性為基礎，強調因果關係之審查必須同時滿足必要條件與充分條件二命題，方可建構出正確的充要條件命題類型，得以完整描述原因事實與醫療傷害間之因果作用方式。藉此，吾人對原因事實與醫療傷害間事實上因果關係的掌握深度，應遠超出傳統上僅依條件理論所能理解之程度。而各原因事實之可歸責性審查，更因其成立充要條件命題類型與方式之不同而有直接責任與防免責任審查之區分。準此，倘能精確細膩地處理損害賠償責任之歸屬，將有助於醫療事故複雜責任之合理論斷。再者，造成醫療傷害之原因事實，除醫方之疏失行為外，多半可能有源自病患本身之行為或狀態，此醫療事故的特性應藉由何種因果關係命題與歸責方式，方能兼顧病方舉證責任之適度減輕、以及醫方責任之合理負擔，亦值得重視。
|
| 英文關鍵詞： |
Causation；Medical Injuries；Liability；Logics；Sufficient Condition；Essential Condition；Conjunction；Disjunction；Burden of proof |
| 英文摘要： |
The nuclear dogma “no causation means no liability at all” make establishing the exact causation connection, the always problematic elements of civil laws, between negligence and the injury complained of essential in every civil actions. However, the causation inquiry is probably the most difficult and challenging task encountered in the civil actions, especially in medical malpractice litigations. Legal theorists, philosophers and even learned judges have devoted themselves to this topic in the heavily inked legal literatures trying to frame practically sound principles only to achieve very limited success.
The causation uncertainty in medical injuries will certainly result in the experts, inability to provide an exact answer to the causal inquiry or in the dispute among them, which not only will inevitably create the evidence gap and eventually prevent the plaintiff from discharging his burden of proving causation, but also hinder the judge from making sound decision regarding the liability.
This article attempted to elucidate systemically the fundamental logic regulations and illustrate the way how they are manipulated in complicated medical litigations, with special emphasis on the crucial application of “sufficient condition" in building up the logically concretely structured ” conjunctive condition” and “disjunctive condition”, which will definitely help to grasp the unabridged integrated causation process in medical injuries. Furthermore, an impeccable detailed causation inference makes understood the distinct way the alleged negligence causing the injury and consequently makes it feasible for us to hold that different causation structures imply different ways of liability inquiry.
With cunning and appropriate application of logic regulations in causation inquiry, can the plaintiff in a reasonable way discharge himself the burden of proving causation; also can the accused physician's liability properly inquired. Only then can the fairness and justice of jurisdiction finally be realized in medical liability decision.
|
| 目 次： |
壹、問題之提出
貳、因果關係之邏輯命題
一、邏輯命題之充要性
二、充要條件命題之類型
（一）單因子充要條件命題
（二）複因子充要條件命題
1、連言式充要條件命題：
（m ∧ n）↔ q 類型
2、選言式充要條件命題：
（m ∨ n）↔ q 類型
三、小結
參、條件命題之歸責審查
一、單因子充要條件命題之歸責原則
二、多因子充要條件命題之歸責原則
三、被害人本身原因事實之歸責原則
肆、爭議問題
伍、結論
|
| 相關法條： |
 |
| 相關判解： |
|
| 相關函釋： |
|
| 相關論著： |
|