| 關 鍵 詞： |
政府再造；行政革新；國家角色變遷；行政組織法；行政組織權；組織形式選擇自由；組織最適誡命；行政經濟性原則 |
| 中文摘要： |
1980 年代後在全球興起之政府再造風潮，為傳統之行政組織法注入新元素與新思維。最顯著之特徵，即是新型態行政組織之大量導入。在實務上，獨立機關、行政法人及公私合營公司，尤其受到行政組織權限享有者之青睞。即使是諸如行政受託人及私法形式之行政組織等傳統型態，在公私協力及民營化潮流下，亦被賦予新意，成為政府組織再造之利器。多元之行政組織型態固然一方面為現代國家提供豐富多選擇性之組織上調控資源，但另一方面卻也帶來「制度選擇」上之難題。
在現代憲法國家思維下，行政組織權限享有者如何從眾多之行政組織型態中，選擇出一特定類型，以作為順利完成行政任務之組織性手段，不應僅是行政學所關懷之議題而已，毋寧亦應屬於公法學之研究客體。有鑑於行政組織之工具特性，在組織型態選擇時，不應放任由行政組織權限享有者自由形塑，毋寧應儘可能以「促使行政任務得以最佳執行」作為圭臬。藉由行政組織「合目的性」及「任務導向」思維之導入，傳統行政法學上所支持之「組織形式選擇自由」理論，宜朝向「組織最適誡命」方向而為修正。質言之，行政組織作為一種調控手段，行政組織權限享有者尤其本於行政經濟性之要求，實負有義務建構或選擇出最能適切促使行政決定與行為正確性之行政組織型態。
至於組織最適誡命之具體化操作，必然會涉及到「行政任務」與「行政組織型態」兩項要素之相互配對問題。除個案判斷外，本文乃參酌德國與我國學說見解，嘗試建構一通案性之操作模型，期能深拓行政組織法理論。具體言之，似可從「秩序行政任務」以及「非秩序行政任務」兩條平行軸線開展，層級化思考對於不同種類行政任務之履行，所應考量之因素及可能之最適組織型態。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Reinventing Government；Reform of Administration；Remodeling of Public Sector；Administrative Organic Law；Competence of Administrative Organizations；Latitude in Choosing Organic Form；Requirement for Optimized Organization；Administrative Cost Effectiveness；the Rightness of Administrative Decisions；Administrative Efficiency and Effectiveness |
| 英文摘要： |
After the 1980’s, reinventing government boomed worldwide and thus revived interest in the elements and concepts of traditional administrative organic law. The most significant facter was the rush to try new modes of administrative organizations. Independent agencies, independent administrative institutions and semi-public undertakings seized the attention of authorities in praxis. Even traditional modes, such as Beleihung, administrative organizations in forms of private law were assigned new connotations in the drive to reinvent government through public-private-partnership and privatization, etc. Though diverse modes of administrative organization provided modern states with various choices of organizational regulation on one hand, on the other hand, they were accompanied by the dilemma of institutional choice.
In modern constitutional states, how authorities choose a specific form from diverse administrative organic modes in order to carry out administrative tasks should not be only an issue of concern in public administration. It should also be an object of study under public law. As to the function of administrative organizations, the administrative authorities ought not to be free to select any administrative organic mode. On the contrary, the priority should be to improve the implementation of administrative tasks. By incorporating the concept of expediency and task-orientation, the theory of latitude offers salient counsel in choosing the most appropriate organic form advocated by traditional administrative laws for optimized organization. All in all, authorities who are committed to administrative cost effectiveness can choose administrative organization as means of regulation. They thus have the obligation to shape or adopt the administrative organic mode which is best tailored to lead to the right decisions and manners.
The practice of requirement for optimized organization inevitably refers to the correlation between types of administrative tasks and types of administrative organic modes. Besides providing case-by-case reflections, this paper attempts to construct a general operative model by reference to existing theories in Germany as well as in Taiwan, and aims to deepen the theory of administrative organic law. Concretely speaking, from the two parallel axes of executive administrative tasks and nonexecutive administrative tasks, we should take the factors that correspond to the fulfillment of different administrative tasks and the optimized organic mode into hierarchical consideration.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、行政組織型態多元化之發展趨勢
一、傳統之行政組織型態
二、新興之行政組織型態
三、小結
參、行政組織型態選擇基準之變遷
一、「組織形式選擇自由」之傳統見解
二、「組織最適誡命」之提出
肆、「組織最適誡命」操作模型之建制
一、學說概述
二、本文之嘗試
伍、結論
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