| 關 鍵 詞： |
個人權利保護；訴訟權能；保護規範理論；受害人訴訟；利益人訴訟；相對人訴訟；第三人訴訟；德國法的歐洲化；公民訴訟 |
| 中文摘要： |
隨著歐洲統合程度的升高，歐盟法令對於各會員國內國法的影響日深。德國法尤其在近三十年來受到歐洲法的強烈衝擊，許多法領域都因而大幅更動及修改，行政法領域也不例外。在德國行政法為數眾多的「歐洲化」例證中，本文僅以「個人權利保護的訴訟權能」作為討論的課題，以觀察德國法在歐洲法的影響之下，未來的發展動向。由於歐洲法院在有關環境法的訴訟中，就歐盟人民可否基於歐洲法在「會員國法院」提起訴訟，傾向於設定較低的門檻，學者一般認為它較接近法國所採的「利益人訴訟」制度，從而德國法所採取的「受害人訴訟」制度以及據以判別訴訟權能有無的「保護規範理論」，因為門檻較高，即面臨不小的變革壓力。本文乃依次介紹德國法上關於個人權利保護的訴訟權能理論之實務見解及學說批評、歐洲法院判決見解、以及德國學者提出的各種因應方案。結論除總結全文外，並簡略說明德國法此一發展對我國法帶來的省思。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
law protection for individuals；standing；theory of protection norms；litigation of the injured；litigation of the interested；litigation of the addresser；litigation of the third party；europeanization of germany law；citizen suit |
| 英文摘要： |
Along with the integration of countries in Europe, the impact of European Law on the state laws of its member countries grow deeper, on Germany Law especially for the last three decades. Many legal fields change drastically, field of Administrative Law as well. Among the many ‘Europeanized’ examples of Germany Administrative Law, this article focuses upon the ‘standing on the protection of individual rights’ only so as to observe the possible development of Germany Law under the influence of European Law. In suits concerning Environment Law, European Court tends to set low threshold for people of its member countries as to whether they could launch a suit based upon European Law in their own courts. Scholars in general consider this lower standard closer to the System of ‘Litigation of the Interested’ practiced in France than the ‘Litigation of the Injured’ as well as the Theory of Protection Norms practiced in Germany. The Germany higher threshold is thus under great pressure for reforms. This article introduces in order the Germany Law concerning rights of litigation on law protection for individuals, its practical insights, theories of criticism, European Court Opinions on judgments and various solutions offered by German scholars. Problems raised in the article are summed up in the conclusion and a brief description is made to clarify the reflections from Germany Law on the one of our country.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、德國法上關於個人權利保護之訴訟權能
一、基本內涵
二、進一步的具體化原則
三、學者的批評
參、來自歐洲法的挑戰
一、概說
二、歐洲共同體法秩序特殊的結構原則
三、歐洲法院相關判決內容
四、德國學者對於歐洲法院判決內容之解讀
五、歐洲法院判決對於德國法造成的衝擊
肆、結論
一、受害人訴訟或利益人訴訟
二、對我國法之省思－兼論公益訴訟與公民訴訟
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