| 關 鍵 詞： |
形式審查；技術報告書；全要件原則；均等論原則；逆均等論原則；禁反言原則 |
| 中文摘要： |
專利侵權之判斷，有如第三人未經土地所有權人之同意，亦無法律之原因，竟擅自進入土地之圍籬範圍內，即構成非法侵入。申請專利之範圍為專利權人所保護之範圍，就如同圍籬所涵蓋之領域，為土地所有權人得行使所有權之範圍。因專利權有效存在，係提起專利侵害訴訟之前提要件，是普通法院得於舉發案確定前，停止民事訴訟之進行。如舉發案成立，則專利權不存在，原告提起侵害專利權之訴，自應駁回。準此，判斷是否成立新型專利侵權之首要步驟，應先確認新型專利權是否有效存在。原則上，經專利專責機關核准之專利，審理專利侵權民事事件之普通法院，應推定專利權有效。依據有效之新型專利，繼而界定申請專利範圍，以確定專利權所保護之範疇。依據界定之申請專利範圍，分別解析申請專利範圍及被控侵權物件之構成，作為分析及比對之項目，並依序應用全要件原則、均等論原則、逆均等論原則及禁反言原則，判斷被控侵權物件是否成立侵權。因新修正公布施行之專利法，將技術層次較低之新型專利，修正成形式審查制，捨棄實體要件審查制，以達成早期賦予權利之需求，嗣後再經由舉發之方式，提供撤銷專利權之公眾審查制度，以救濟專責機關不當授與專利權之弊端，經專利專責機關作成舉發成立或不成立之行政處分，基本上即受有效之推定，普通法院應尊重該等行政處分之存在或內容。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Formal Examination System；technical revaluation report；All Element Rule；The Doctrine of Equivalents；Reverse Doctrine of Equivalents；Doctrine of File Wrapper Estoppels |
| 英文摘要： |
The judgment of the patent infringement, such as the third people have not the approval of the owner of land, and as well have no the reason of law, unexpectedly enter the fence scope of land inside, namely constitute illegal intrusion. The scope of patent right shall be determined based on the claims, same as the realm of land, have to exercise the scope of ownership for the owner of land. Because of patent right validity exist is prerequisite condition to bring the patent infringement litigation. For any civil proceedings pending in a court in connection with a patent, the court suspend the trail process until a decision on the patent invalidation related thereto has become irrevocable. If patent right is invalid, court must reject complaint of plaintiff. Judgment whether to establish the initial step of the utility model patent infringement or not, and should confirm the utility model patent right first whether to validate or not. In principle, through the Patent Authority approved decision of grants of patent, when the civil court judge patent infringement civil case, should predict outcome the patent right validity. According to the valid utility model patent, subsequently definition and apply for scope of claims, then certain patent right the aegis's category. In accordance with scope of claims, analyze scope of claim and infringing products composing, conduct and actions analysis and ratio to it item, and one after another applied All Element Rule, The Doctrine of Equivalents, Reverse Doctrine of Equivalents and Doctrine of File Wrapper Estoppels, judgment infringing product whether to establish infringement or not.
Because of the Patent Law of the enforcement of new correction announcement, lower and utility model patent of technique level of structure, adopt formal examination system, abandon substantive examination system, then reach the need that earlier period give rights, after through invalidation action, provide the public reviewing system of revoking the patent right, then give relief the not appropriate and investiture patent right of Patent Authority of irregularity, through Patent Authority make administrative sanction that establish or not establish, and the civil court should respect outcome and content.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、新型專利之概念
一、新型專利之定義
二、新型專利之類型
三、新型專利與發明專利之區別
四、形式審查主義之救濟方法
五、新型專利之要件
參、判斷專利侵害之流程
一、界定申請專利範圍之內容
二、解析申請專利範圍及被控侵權物件之構成
三、專利侵害判斷原則之應用
肆、實例解析
一、事件緣由
二、界定專利之保護範圍
三、解析構成要件
四、應用全要件原則
五、應用均等論及逆均等論原則
六、應用禁反言原則
七、判斷結果－未成立專利侵權
伍、認定新型專利侵害之可能態樣
一、必要技術之構成元件完全相同
二、在申請專利範圍外增加一項以上技術構成元件
三、不相同之必要技術構成元件屬均等物
四、缺少申請專利範圍中之非必要技術構成元件
五、缺少一個以上必要技術構成元件
六、有一個以上必要技術構成元件不相同
陸、結語
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