| 關 鍵 詞： |
侵權行為；僱用人責任；法定特別責任；中間責任；衡平責任；特殊侵權行為責任；歸責原則；舉證責任 |
| 中文摘要： |
依法人實在說之立論，法人本身既具有人格，亦具有行為能力及責任能力，若其代表人或負責人等機關因執行職務而加損害於他人，法人應承擔責任風險，而對被害人負侵權責任。又法人之受僱人雖非法人之機關，若法人未能有效監控損害之發生，責成其應對被害人負賠償責任，亦屬合理。惟為有效抑制不法行為之發生，不僅應追究法人之侵權責任，尚應容許被害人可向實際為不法行為之代表人、負責人或受僱人請求賠償，而採取「雙重責任機制」。至於法人則可能向其代表人、負責人或受僱人追究其債務不履行之契約責任。由於各國對於法人侵權行為責任之立論基礎、規範模式及歸責原則，略有差異，因此本人除介紹日本、美國及我國之法制差異外，並分析被害人之求償機會是否有所不同，作為我國未來修法之參考。此外，鑒於侵權行為法制之主要功能，除在於填補被害人之損害外，尚應能有效預防損害之發生，因此本文除從理論及實務之觀點，解構雙重民事責任、加重行為人責任、求償權制度等法律上建立之控制機制外，亦探討如何界定法人之目的範圍、劃定職務範圍之界限及強化法人之內部控制等問題，以及其在責任認定上之實益，進而期待法人能採取適當之自治措施，以減少其責任風險之產生。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
tort behavior；the liability of employer；statutory special liability；intermediary liability；equitable liability；special trot liability；liability rule；burden of proof. |
| 英文摘要： |
Under the juristic person nature doctrine, the juristic person has legal entity instinctually, and possesses the full disposing capacity and is liable with the tort behavior. A juristic person is liable with the misconduct by the representative person or director who is his or her agent and whose job it is to act on behalf of the principle in the conduct of the juristic person, and must bear the risk of such liability. In addition, a juristic person could be held civil liable for the acts, omissions or failures of an employee acting within the scope of his or her employment. The traditional basis for dual liability regime is the juristic person nature doctrine and negligent supervision to the agents. Since juristic persons are purely legal entities, they cannot actually act or intend an action, and they should be liable for the failure of controlling the employee's illegal or wrongful actions. This paper is written around the idea of dual liability regime and discusses how to control the risk of such liability. Part II of this paper introduces the normative model and liability rules through a comparative approach of Japanese, American and Taiwanese Law, and analyzes the general rule on the civil liability in the tort law. Part III discusses the control mechanism of tortuous liability, and provides the possible control methods of defining the scope of business purpose, adopting the dual liability regime, increasing the civil liability, limiting the power of a representative person or an employee, strengthening the internal control, and establishing the claim regime to the agents, etc. Finally, after explaining the general rule on the tort liability of juristic person is properly restricted to the acts of a representative person or an employee which are committed within the scope of business and employment, Part IV will make a brief conclusion of this paper.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、規範模式：價值體系之解構
一、模範條款之法理
（一）法人實在說之射程
（二）代理法則之射程
二、歸責原則之發展
（一）過失責任
（二）中間責任、衡平責任及危險責任
參、控制機制：制度功能之定位
一、法人之目的範圍
二、雙重之民事責任
三、民事責任之加重
四、執行職務之界限
五、內部控制之強化
六、求償機制之建立
肆、結論
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