| 關 鍵 詞: |
遺產清算;限定責任;法律安定性;交易成本;公平性 |
| 中文摘要: |
繼承法係以一定親屬身分為基礎之財產法規範,故繼承制度為身分法與財產法之結合,自與財產權、人格權發生密切之關聯。繼承法自家族存續為中心理念之身分繼承演進為以個人主義為本體之財產繼承。當然繼承制度使繼承人負無限清償責任,致繼承人以固有財產清償被繼承人債務之可能,固其有侵害繼承人財產權之虞。然限定繼承之清算程序,使繼承人僅負有限責任之情況下,對於繼承債權人之財產權,同樣亦有侵害之可能性。 我國前於 2008 年 1 月 4 日、5 月 7 日分別修正民法繼承編與其施行法相關規定,就無行為能力人與限制行為能力人之繼承,暨成年繼承人於繼承開始後始發生代負履行責任之保證契約債務,創設當然繼承制度下之法定限定責任。繼而於 2009 年 6 月 12 日修正生效繼承編將傳統之身分繼承制度轉變成財產繼承之法制,其修法重點有當然繼承有限責任、遺產之追加計算、清算程序彈性化、損害賠償與不當得利之返還、限定責任利益之喪失、例外溯及與適用情形等項目 修法將現行繼承制度以概括繼承為原則,修正為以繼承人負限定責任為原則,顯不同於傳統繼承制度,誠為開創國內外繼承之先例。修法為使清算程序彈性化,故繼承人清算遺產之方式,得由法院或繼承人自行清算,係適用雙軌制,由繼承人擇一為之。法定限定責任繼承制度,雖為有利於繼承人之強制規範,惟繼承人為避免遺產管理及清算之繁雜程序,或已確知被繼承人之債務逾於遺產,主張限定繼承僅徒增困擾,繼承人自得拋棄繼承。 本文在利益衡量與價值判斷之因素下,茲參酌比較法制、實務見解及學說理論,依據我國繼承編修正前後之繼承類型為基礎,佐以法律經濟分析之方法,探討繼承所得遺產清償責任之法理基礎,並提出檢討與立法之建議,期盼建立合理之繼承制度。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
liquidate of legacy;restriction responsibility;legal stability;trade cost;fairness |
| 英文摘要: |
The inheritance law is the property norm that is base on certain relative, so inheriting system is the combination of status law and property law, with close relation with property right and personality right. The inheriting system led to make heir undertake pay off responsibility limitlessly, so heirs are jointly liable for the debts of the deceased. Certainly that has to damage heir property right. Limited succession that an heir may limit the repayment of the deceased's debts within the extent of the property acquired by succession. For inheriting the property right of creditor also has the possibility hurt. The Civil Code-Succession revise respectively in January 4, 2008 and May 7, 2008, which a person who has no capacity or limited in capacity limit the repayment of the deceased's debts .The restriction responsibility of adult come into force on June 12, 2009. The current inherit system shows difference inherit system in tradition. The heir can choose between limited succession and waiver of inheritance. The article compares interest and value that considers succession ofbasis, discussing the responsibility of legal principle, and offer the suggestion that expect to build up reasonable inherit system.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、遺產繼承之類型 一、繼承之效力 二、概括繼承 三、限定繼承 四、拋棄繼承 五、聲明繼承 六、無人承認之繼承 參、法定限定繼承之法律經濟分析 一、法律經濟學 二、繼承編修正之背景 三、繼承編修正之法律經濟分析 四、新法實施之分析 肆、結論 一、法定繼承有限責任 二、遺產清算責任 三、修正繼承編之檢視
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