| 關 鍵 詞： |
高齡社會；財產管理；監護；持續性代理權授與；信託；代理；行為能力；自我決定權；忠實義務；本人保護 |
| 中文摘要： |
本文分析美國法的持續性代理權授與（以下簡稱 DPA）之變遷，其優點在於手續簡便而費用低廉，但亦有代理人權限過廣和義務内容不明確等缺陷，故 2006 年的統一代理權授與法適度限縮了代理人之代理權範圍，並規定代理人應依替代判斷法則行使代理權，此外並賦與更多利害關係人得向法院請求審查代理關係。
另一方面，信託與 DPA 具有相同的功能，但其擬定需要高度專業知識，費用昂貴，因此發展出例如預備信託此種結合了 DPA 和信託的折衷制度，以及定型化的財產管理信託。由於我國現行的監護法偏向公權力介入的弱者保護理念，不夠尊重本人之自我決定權，日後在規劃市民法基礎的意定監護制度時，美國的 DPA 和信託如何在公權力不干預之情況下兼顧各方利益，其作法值得參考。
|
| 英文關鍵詞： |
Aged Society；Estate Planning；Guardianship；Durable Power of Attorney；Trusts；Agency；Capacity；Self-determination；Fiduciary Duty；Protection of Principal |
| 英文摘要： |
This article analyzes the development of durable power of attorney （DPA） in the United States, which has the advantage of simple and low-cost. However, it is also criticized for overbroad authority and the lack of a clear standard of fiduciary duty of the agent. The Uniform Power of Attorney Act 2006, appropriately limiting the authority of the agent, provides that the agent should act in accordance with the principal’s reasonable expectations. It also created standing for interested parties to petition the court for judicial review of the agent’s conduct. At the same time, a trust has similar function with DPA, but it requires high levels of expertise and costs to draft. Therefore, some hybrid types of trusts have been created. For example, standby trusts combine DPA and typical trusts. And custodial trusts can be set up by simple language referencing the statute merely. Since the current guardianship laws in Taiwan emphasize the protection to the incapacitated by public power and hence allow court to monitor without sufficient respect to principal’s self-determination, how DPA and trusts in the United States work without intervention of the public sector offers anvaluable example as to designing of contractual power of attorney in the future.
|
| 目 次： |
高齡社會、財產管理、監護、持續性代理權授與、信託、代理、行為能力、自我決定權、忠實義務、本人保護。
|
| 相關法條： |
 |
| 相關判解： |
|
| 相關函釋： |
|
| 相關論著： |
|