法學期刊
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論著名稱:
WTO 貿易報復程度之法律解釋與意涵(The Legal Interpretation of the Level of WTO Trade Retaliation and Its Implication)
文獻引用
編著譯者: 顏慧欣
出版日期: 2012.12
刊登出處: 台灣/中原財經法學第 29 期/77-133 頁
頁  數: 57 點閱次數: 1528
下載點數: 228 點 銷售明細: 權利金查詢 變更售價
授 權 者: 顏慧欣
關 鍵 詞: WTO 爭端解決貿易報復反制措施同等性標準禁止性補貼可控訴補貼適當性標準相稱性標準不利效果
中文摘要: 本文從 WTO 法律規範、爭端解決實際報復案例所累積之經驗等方面,分析 WTO 對於不履行爭端解決裁定之案件,授權貿易報復之判斷標準與衡量上之執行狀況,而討論重點在於報復之「量」的問題上,亦即報復程度高低之判斷基準。對此,本文藉由 9 個爭端解決案件之解釋及適用,分別探討 DSU 第 22.4 條及 SCM 協定所規定報復標準之意義及內涵。對此,本文認為 WTO 貿易報復機制之目的,或在於回復會員在協定下權利與義務間之平衡性,或為促使違反義務之會員履行其義務,而雖然 WTO 仲裁機制試圖建立科學之經濟量化分析方式,作為相關標準適用之基礎,但仍可看出其決策受國際政經關係之影響。對於未來之改革,應避免賦予報復措施具有「懲罰性」,以免失卻 WTO 爭端解決機制之立法原意,甚至影響多邊自由化之發展。
英文關鍵詞: WTO Dispute Settlement MechanismTrade Retaliationcounter-measureProhibited SubsidyAction SubsidyEquivalence StandardAppropriateness StandardCommensurate standardadverse effects
英文摘要: This paper discusses the legal standards and criterion for the determination of the level of trade retaliation in cases of non-compliance of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body’s recommendations. By way of reviewing and analyzing the practices of the WTO arbitral decisions on the nine cases that are currently in the public record, this article discusses the interpretation and implementation of the legal standards and criterion set out in DSU Article 22.4 and SCM agreement (Articles 4 and 7). Two observations on the objective of the WTO trade retaliation mechanism are made. The first sees the mechanism as a tool to “rebalance” the rights and obligations between WTO members. The second considers trade retaliation as a means to induce compliance. Regardless of the difference between them, WTO arbitral decisions thus far have tried to establish a quantitative approach in assessing the appropriate level of retaliation. There is, however, evidence to demonstrate that international economic “power” still impacts the process, as reflected in the final level of retaliatory judgments of several cases. In relation to future reforms, in order to avoid eroding the underlying objectives of the WTO regime, it is suggested that reform efforts should refrain from introducing any elements of a punitive nature in the mechanism.
目  次: 壹、引言
貳、WTO 爭端解決機制之貿易報復
一、與貿易報復措施相關之 WTO 爭端解決規範
二、WTO 貿易報復措施之規範
參、DSU 第 22.4 條授權報復之要件分析
一、報復程度之法定基準:同等性標準
二、同等性標準之法概念分析
三、同等性標準之考量要件
肆、適用 SCM 協定之授權貿易報復案件
一、禁止性補貼案件之法定基準:適當性標準
二、可控訴補貼案件之法定基準:相稱性標準
伍、分析與討論
一、報復額度計算之基準
二、報復金額的中庸之道
三、未來方向
陸、結論
相關法條:
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相關論著:
顏慧欣,WTO 貿易報復程度之法律解釋與意涵,中原財經法學,第 29 期,77-133 頁,2012年12月。
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