| 關 鍵 詞： |
發現真實；實質當事人進行主義；無罪推定原則；檢察官實質舉證責任；法院職權調查證據 |
| 中文摘要： |
綜觀我國刑事訴訟法與實務見解對於法院職權調查證據範圍的發展史，從糾問制度所殘留的職權主義，過渡到彈劾制度的當事人進行主義，緩慢保守的進展到積極的改革。自 101 年度最高法院刑事庭第 2 次會議決議起，使我國刑事訴訟法正式走進實質當事人進行主義之新紀元。依現行法及最高法院刑事庭 101 年度第 2 次決議，法院為被告利益，得依職權調查證據，但此片面保護被告一造之利益，被指為有違公平。根本解決之道，就證據調查程序，應澈底採行當事人進行主義，但為保留我國刑事訴訟的根本，仍維持大陸法系追求發見真實之目標，折衷之道，可將現行法第 163 條第 2 項規定，修正為：「法院為發見真實之必要，於認證據有調查之可能時，應曉諭當事人得聲請調查證據。」意即當事人拒絕時，法院仍不得依職權調查證據，以貫徹當事人進行主義，使法院從職權主義中解脫，將調查證據之職權，轉化為闡明當事人聲請調查證據之訴訟指揮權，並避免法院在決定是否依職權調查證據兩難時，化解法院進退維谷的困境。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
survey evidence by inquisitorial investigation of court；material burden of proof the crime by Prosecutor；modified adversary system；Presumption of Innocence；truth-finding |
| 英文摘要： |
With focus on the history of the development of the range of survey evidence by inquisitorial investigation in China’s Criminal Procedure Code and the practice of criminal trial, the doctrine of the terms of reference of the residual from the inquisitorial system, the transition to the adversary system is slowa nd conservative progress to positive reforms. Since the consummation of Second Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court in 2012 was done to explain Article 163 of Criminal Procedure Code,modified adversary system for the criminal litigation system has become the most important principle of the Criminal Procedure. According to the present practice of trial,protecting the defendants’ rights on purpose, the court may need surving evidence by inquisitorial investigation, the shortcoming is too partial toward protecting the defendants’ rights, may count against justice. The best way to solve the difficulty is taking the adversary system into consideration, retaining the basis of criminal litigation, and centering on truth-finding in Continental lawle gal system, Article 163 of Criminal Procedure Code should be amended：“If the evidence has probably been investigated, it's necessary for the court to focus on truth-finding, the court should give explicit instructions to the parties, they certainly ask for surving evidence.” That means if the parties reject, the judge should not survey evidence by inquisitorial investigation, in order to put adversary system into effect, converting the discretion of control of court proceedings from the court into the parties, and bring reconciliation to the dilemma between survey evidence by Inquisitorial Investigation and adversary system.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、法院依職權調查證據的修法沿革
參、法院職權調查義務實務見解之發展
肆、實質當事人進行主義下，法院職權調查義務的重新界定
伍、結論
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