關 鍵 詞: |
科學不確定性;預警原則;預防原則;海洋環境保護;漁業管理制度 |
中文摘要: |
一九九二年《里約宣言》是首先賦予預警原則正式定義的國際文件,時至今日,原本被認為是國際環境法原則的概念已被廣泛運用於其他各種領域,以面對科學不確定性。而此一原則早已發展於國際海洋法制中,不論是《一九八二年海洋法公約》、其他國際海洋環境保護與國際漁業管理規範中,在海洋科學常須面對科學不確定性的狀況下,預警原則已被廣泛適用。本文從科學不確定性出發,檢視國際法中預警原則之意涵,並進一步探討在國際海洋法之架構下,預警原則如何被用以克服科學不確定性。
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英文關鍵詞: |
Scientific Uncertainty;Precautionary Principle;Preventive Principle;Protection of Marine Environment;Fisheries Management System |
英文摘要: |
The 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is the first international document to provide the most proper definition of the precautionary principle. In order to face the challenges of scientific uncertainty, the concepts of the precautionary principle have, until now, developed from the field of international environmental law into other fields of law. In regards to the international law of the sea, as marine science often intersects with scientific uncertainty, the precautionary principle has been broadly incorporated into the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as into other provisions under international marine environmental law and international fisheries law. This article, which begins with an analysis of the concepts of scientific uncertainty, looks into the concepts of the precautionary principle under international law, and investigates to what extent the precautionary principle has overcome scientific uncertainty by way of integration into the international law of the sea.
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目 次: |
壹、科學不確定性 貳、面對科學不確定性-預警原則 一、基本概念與釐清 二、歷史發展與運用 三、規範分類 四、法律地位 參、預警原則於國際海洋法之實踐 一、《一九八二年海洋法公約》 二、國際海洋環境保護法制 三、國際漁業管理法制 肆、結論
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