| 關 鍵 詞： |
器官移植；器官複製；核轉技術；生殖性複製；醫療性複製；異種器官移植；排斥作用；風險評估；新興傳染病；人性尊嚴 |
| 中文摘要： |
傳統的器官移植（transplantation），由於人體的免疫排斥的作用，在應用上受到頗嚴重限制。近年來，由於生物科技的進步，複製技術日漸成熟及穩定，複製動物、複製人類胚胎及器官的成功案例，亦使器官複製與器官移植並為觀察之新議題。
目前，醫療界所採行的器官複製，則大略有二策略：其一、以人類胚胎為材料，培育使其分化成為特定器官；其二、利用核轉技術，將特定人之細胞核殖入動物卵細胞，使該卵細胞將來發育為帶有特定人類器官之動物。此二者所涉及的科技風險及道德爭議，在程度上有所不同。
生殖性複製與醫療性複製，所獲得的複製器官，與細胞核提供者擁有 99.9 %的相同基因，不但可解決供移植器官之供給問題，且亦可解決移植的排斥問題及病毒感染問題。
至於異種器官移植，在動物源之複製器官的議題，因涉及跨種之基因漂移，更有造成新興新興傳染病之隱憂，涉及全民健康之保護與環境生態之平衡，應建立異種器官移植之基改動物之管理規範與風險評估，並以人性尊嚴為出發點，維護醫學倫理及促進醫療科技之間，取得適當的平衡點。
器官移植本質，不是單純醫學科技問題，尚包括倫理與法律政策層面的觀點，乍視之，應是「一個公私合作夥伴」（Public-Private-Partnership），涉及「國家公權力的任務負責性」及「私人的任務滿足性」的合作夥伴關係；但實則不然，因為尚要有優良專業醫學技術，關鍵在「醫術的服務水平」，則此諸條件的負責與監督，才能達成法律與倫理的要求。
至於器官複製法律問題，在倫理與法律政策層面的觀點更形複雜，涉及生物科技發展與其濫用禁止問題，如何兼顧「人性尊嚴」與「科技發展」，進而針對核轉技術之器官複製合法性探討其道德風險之控管，俾符合醫學倫理之要求。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Transplantation；organ-cloning；nuclear transfer technology；reproductive cloning；therapeutic cloning；xenotransplantation；rejection；risk-evaluation；emergency transmission disease；human dignity |
| 英文摘要： |
In medical treatment, the application of the organic transplantation is always restricted due to the effect of rejection by the immunity system. In recent years, because of the progress of biotechnology and the getting more mature and steadier of the clone technology, the successful cases of the reproduction of the human embryo and the organ or the animal have not already been the news. In our country, although the research on the human clone is forbidden, the embryo clone for the medical use is allowed under limited conditions.
At present, the two tactics of the organ clone are adopted in the medical field. First, use the human embryo as the material to breed it and make it differentiated and has it become the specific organ. Second, take use of the technology of the cell nucleus transferring to breed the specific people’s cell nuclei into the animals’ egg cells and make the egg cells develop into the animals with the specific human organs in the future. The degrees of the technological risk and moral controversy involved in both of them are different. The former involves the embryo’s legal position; that is whether the embryo is a legal subject or not. The latter relatively involves less disputes on law and morals because it uses the animal as the material. However, because the tactics involves the gene transferring among the different species, if there is no proper risk evaluation and management, it may cause the animal viruses to become the new disease infected each other between the human beings and the animals. Thererfore, the thought and the management policy to the two tactics should be different no matter in studying or during the stage of the clinical testing, even in the practical application.
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| 目 次： |
壹、從器官移植到器官複製
貳、基因科技與器官複製
參、器官複製之風險
肆、現行法之相關問題
伍、結論
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