| 關 鍵 詞: |
扣繳義務人;責應扣繳單位主管;主辦會計人員 |
| 中文摘要: |
扣繳義務人是受國家委託行使公權力,於給付所得給納稅義務人時,依法扣繳稅款繳納國庫的人。為了促使扣繳義務人克盡職責,所得稅法第 114 條訂有扣繳義務人違反扣繳義務的處罰規定。所得稅法對於學校的扣繳義務人,規定於第 89 條第 1 項第 2 款,該款規定在 88 年 1 月 14 日修正前,係以學校的主辦會計為扣繳義務人,於修正後改以責應扣繳單位主管為扣繳義務人。其修正的時間,恰好在中山科學研究院發生鉅額稅款未依法扣繳,財政部臺灣省北區國稅局對其主辦會計裁處鉅額罰鍰之後,故該項修正顯然是受到該案的影響。該項修正後雖然給予機關、團體及學校,自由決定扣繳義務人的空間,但這樣的規定是否合憲,值得探討。司法院大法官於 99 年 3 月 26 日作成的 673 號解釋,對於所得稅法第 88 條第 1 項第 2 款作出合憲的解釋,惟係對於 88 年 1 月 14 日修正前的規定作解釋,並未針對修正後的規定作探討,其原因為何?本文擬就該號解釋的主文及其理由書的推論過程,提出本文的意見。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
the tax withholder;the chief in charge for withholding;the chief of the accounting division |
| 英文摘要: |
The tax withholder is the exercise of public power entrusted by the State. When they pay income to the taxpayer, according to Income Tax Law they should withhold taxes and pay to the treasury. To facilitate the withholding of due diligence, Article 114 of the Income Tax Law provides the tax withholder withholding obligation breach penalties. Income tax law for the tax withholder of school, provided for in Article 89, paragraph 1, paragraph 2, which provides before the amendment on January 14, 1999, the chief of the school accounting division is the tax withholder, after the amendment should be responsible for withholding change to the chief in charge by school. The amend time, just a huge taxes withholding breach in Zhongshan Institute, National Tax Bureau of Northern Taiwan Province of Ministry of Finance fine the huge fines, so the amendment is clearly affected by the case. Although the amendment grants institutions, organizations and schools, have the power to designate the tax withholder, but the constitutionality of such provisions should be research. Grand Justices on March 26, 2010, made of Interpretation No. 673, Section 88 of the Income Tax Act, Section 1, paragraph 2, to constitutional interpretation, but Interpretation No. 673 just to explain the requirements before the amendment on January 14, 1999, did not make explanation for the revised amendment, the reason why? This article intends to explain the reasoning process on the Interpretation No. 673 and put forward the views of this article.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、所得的扣繳制度及其憲法疑義 一、扣繳制度的意義 二、導入扣繳制度的理由 三、扣繳義務人的法律定位 (一)行政協助人(Verwaltungshelfer)說 (二)行政委託(Verwaltungsaufgabe)說 四、現行扣繳制度的憲法疑義 參、學校的扣繳義務人及其法律責任 一、學校的法律性質及其行政組織 二、學校應辦理扣繳的給付及扣繳義務人 三、違反所得稅法扣繳義務的責任 肆、個人為學校違反扣繳義務負責的合憲性分析 一、違反租稅法律主義及法律明確性原則 二、違反恣意禁止的平等原則 (一)與營利事業扣繳義務人的比較 (二)以給付性質作區分的比較 (三)公立學校與私立學校扣繳義務人的責任差異 三、違反比例原則 (一)適當性原則 (二)必要性原則 (三)合比例性原則 四、被指定人不服的救濟管道 (一)所得稅法授權校長指定說 (二)校長對學校行政事務指派說 伍、對司法院大法官釋字第 673 號解釋的評析 一、以主辦會計為扣繳義務人的爭議 (一)本文的證論-違反比例原則 (二)許玉秀大法官的不同意見書 二、以「責應扣繳單位主管」為扣繳義人的爭議 三、學校本身最適合擔任扣繳義務人 陸、結論
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