| 關 鍵 詞： |
違憲審查；英國；中國；議會至上；人大至上 |
| 中文摘要： |
中國雖於一九五四年即通過公布第一部憲法，但憲法作為國家根本大法的規範性格，並未同時確立。隨著市場經濟的持續發展，如何進一步落實憲法根本大法的規範效力，回應人權保護的要求，建構法律及行政法規牴觸憲法時的違憲審查或監督機制，遂成為一項重點課題。本文擬借鏡採取與「人大至上」相似的「議會至上」原則的英國違憲審查制度發展經驗，探究中國司法機關在違憲審查制度中可能扮演的角色，特別是若尊重中國憲法文本，採取以人民大會常務委員會為中心的違憲審查機制下，各級法院是否仍有參與法規合憲控制的空間？又該如何參與？凡此，均是本文研究的核心問題。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Constitutional Review；Judicial Review；the United Kingdom；China；Supremacy of Parliament；Supremacy of People’s Congress |
| 英文摘要： |
In 1954, the People’s Republic of China promulgated its first constitution; however, at the time, the idea that the constitution is the supreme law of the land was not established. As China’s market economy continues to grow, how to carry out the fundamental mandate of the Constitution, respond to the demand for human rights protection, and create an effective system of constitutional review on laws and regulations become important issues.
Based on the development of constitutional review in the United Kingdom under the doctrine of “supremacy of Parliament,” which is similar to the Chinese principle of “supremacy of People’s Parliament,” this article will explore the potential roles that Chinese courts can play in China’s constitutional review process. As the Chinese Constitution explicitly specifies that the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress has the authority to interpret the Constitution and to invalidate subordinate legislation, special attention will be paid to the questions whether and how the Chinese courts can perform constitutional review on parliamentary legislation and other subordinate regulations.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言與問題界定
貳、英國違憲審查制度的發展
一、議會至上與違憲審查：兩個不相容的概念
二、議會至上的鬆動與保全：英國違憲審查制度的開展
（一）歐盟法與司法審查
（二）歐洲人權公約、人權法與司法審查
三、小結：後人權法時期的展望
參、中國違憲審查的未來
一、人大至上與違憲審查：一條走不通的路？
二、憲法至上：中國違憲審查制度規範上的建構條件
三、英國法的啟示：中國違憲審查制度建構的可能路徑
（一）中國法院應該有權進行「合憲性解釋」
（二）中國法院應該可以成為法律違憲審查機制的發動者與命令違憲審查的共同參與者
肆、結論
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