關 鍵 詞: |
報酬;報酬請求權;董事;薪資報酬委員會(薪酬委員會);經營與所有分離;默示報酬 |
中文摘要: |
公司法第 196 條第 1 項雖有對於董事的報酬決定程序之規定,惟未經此一程序時,董事是否有報酬請求權?此一問題,我國實務及學說之見解紛呈,頗具爭議。若依據美國法制,董事之報酬原則上限於有明示約定時始能請求。若依據日本法制,通說認為未經法定程序者,董事無報酬請求權。本文認為只有在董事與公司原有約定報酬,股東會選任董事時未同時決議董事報酬,而董事在「就任前」便已向公司請求報酬時,才會產生董事有無報酬請求權之爭議。而依據民法第 547 條之規定,董事應可向公司主張報酬請求權。不過,若從立法論而言,似可考慮修改公司法,明定董事必有報酬,以建立良好的公司治理。
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英文關鍵詞: |
Compensation;Quantum Meruit Claim;Director;Compensation Committee;Separation of Ownership and Control;Implied Compensation |
英文摘要: |
Although Article 196 I of the Company Act provides the determining procedure of adirector’s compensation, may a director file a quantum meruit claim without this procedure? Regarding this question, practices and scholarship in Taiwan are in sharp disagreement. According to the U.S. legal regime, in order that a director may receive compensation, there must have been an express contract. According to the Japanese legal regime, the prevailing opinion is that without the legal procedure, a director cannot receive compensation. This study thinks that the issue whether a director has a quantum meruit claim only occurs in the following situation: a director had an agreement of receiving compensation with the company, he was elected as director at a shareholders’ meeting without adopting a resolution to give him compensation , he claimed compensation to company before assuming that post. According to Article 547 of Civil Law, a director should possess a right to claim compensation from the company. But, in order to establish good corporate governance, a better solution may be to modify the current Company Act so as to provide that a director should have a right to claim compensation.
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目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、美國 一、二十世紀前,經營與所有合一,董事原則上無報酬 (一)董事原則上無報酬 (二)例外時始有報酬 二、二十世紀初,大型化公司崛起,股權分散,經營與所有分離,逐漸轉變為有報酬 (一)二十世紀初,大型化公司崛起,股權分散,經營與所有分離 (二)經營與所有分離的結果,董事開始被認為得享有報酬 (三)自董事得開始享有報酬之後,董事報酬之數額持續攀升 三、依現代公司法制,董事報酬若未經明定,原則上仍無報酬 (一)依現代公司法制,董事原則上仍無報酬 (二)有默示約定時為例外 參、日本 一、董事在本質上有無報酬請求權? (一)無償委任說為通說 (二)惟判決及多數學說均將董事與公司間的委任契約解為含有報酬的明示或默示約定 二、在章程或股東會未明定報酬時,董事是否有具體之報酬請求權? (一)否定說 (二)肯定說 肆、臺灣 一、肯定說:董事必有報酬 (一)甲說:董事必有報酬,法源為民法 (二)乙說:董事必有報酬,法源為公司法 二、否定說:章程或股東會未決定董事報酬時,董事不得享有報酬 伍、本文評析 一、依董事選任程序限縮董事有無報酬請求權之爭議之範圍 (一)原有約定報酬時 (二)原未約定報酬時,得否解為有默示報酬之約定? 二、公司法第 196 條第 1 項是否為董事報酬之請求權基礎? (一)本條項是否為法定要件? (二)本條項非請求權基礎條款,僅係程序性規定 三、董事有無報酬請求權須依民法第 547 條決定 陸、結語
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