| 關 鍵 詞： |
消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約；性別平等；直接歧視；間接歧視；雇用平等 |
| 中文摘要： |
為落實性別平等及保障婦女權利，立法院於 2011 年 5 月 20 日通過「消除對婦女一切形式歧視式公約施行法」，性別工作平等法第 11 條雖對於直接歧視亦有禁止規定，但對於間接歧視及限制例外事項並未規範，本文介紹日本男女雇用機會均等法相關規定，提供修法參考。另一方面，提出我國及歐盟男女平等法制之法院實務見解，針對何種例外情形允許差別對待，例如國家安全或工作特性等，期能參考相關案例探討性別實質平等之內在界線。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women （CEDAW）；Gender Equality；Direct Discrimination；Indirect Discrimination；Employment Equality |
| 英文摘要： |
In order to implement gender equality and protect women’s rights, the “Enforcement Act of Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women” has been approved by the Legislative Yuan since 20th May, 2011. However, although direct discrimination is prohibited in the Article 11 of the Act of Gender Equality in Employment, indirect discrimination and prohibition for exception are not legally provided. Therefore, this study introduced the Equal Employment Opportunity Law related to Gender Equality in Japan, which can be a reference for revising laws. In addition, court opinions of Gender Equality Act in our country and European Union were provided regarding the exception of which discrimination is allowed, such as national security or work characteristics etc. It is expected to discuss the inner boundary line of gender substantive equality on the basis of relevant cases.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、落實「消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約」之成果
參、禁止差別對待之法理基礎
肆、直接歧視與間接歧視
伍、歐洲男女平等法制相關案例
一、法國加盟國義務不履行事件：ECJ Case-318/86 1988 ECR 3559 歐洲委員會（Commission of the European Community）對法國（Frence Republic）
二、英國武裝預備隊警察資格 Johnston 事件：ECJ Case-222/84 15 May 1986 Marguerite Johnston 對烏爾斯特（Ulster）國家警察隊長（Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster）
三、德國法具有相同晉升資格男女候選人，女性優先規定之 Kalanke 事件：Case No: C-450/93 Judgement: 17/October 1995（Eckhard Kalanke）對布萊梅（Frei Hansestadt Bremen）市
四、軍事勤務事件：Case No : C-258/98 Judgement: 11/January 2000 Tanja Kreil 對德國（Bundersrepublic Deutschand）
陸、結論與建議
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