| 關 鍵 詞： |
語用；意義理解；文化；指涉；信服；先見；法感；法律修辭學；論題學；符號；中介概念；審議民主 |
| 中文摘要： |
違憲審查制度賦予憲法解釋高度的權威性。權威性的樹立，向以制度、組織與程序三個層面建構。本文擬從語言溝通的角度，探討釋憲裁判說理方式的特性。研究方法採取後設立場，自語法學、語意學和語用學，分析「文化」字詞的意義在解釋者和當事人間的關係；並以德國聯邦憲法法院之裁判，作為分析與比較基礎。作者選取相關判決，簡述案件事實與關於文化語句的論述，藉以析縷文化概念在德國釋憲實務上的應用，以說明功能性運用之特點；和實際呈現出的反差效果。在解說德國釋憲案之後，作者從詮釋觀點出發，說明語言詞彙之使用，一定程度反映先見的存在與其必要。隨後從文法與關聯性的角度探索語用的歧義現象。再借助語言學的研究成果，探討文化作為語言符號。基於這些前期工作，方能推進解釋目的在於爭取裁判雙方的信服，以及如何從雜亂無章中的個案中，以中介概念評釋此等運用手法的意義與價值。最後以釋憲裁判與審議民主之關係作為本文結論。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Pragmatic；Sinnverstehen；Acceptance；Referring；sense of Justice；culture；legal rhetoric；symbol；topoi of argument；mediating concept |
| 英文摘要： |
Constitutional Review endows the explanation of the Constitution with high authority. The establishment of authority could be constructed from three perspectives: the system, the organization and the procedure. This article aims to examine the characteristic of the reasoning behind the Constitutional Review judgements and rulings with the viewpoint of verbal communication. The author chooses to operate this research from a metastandpoint, using Syntax, Semantic and Pragmatics to analyze the meaning of “culture” between the interpreter and the parties and its relations and taking the judgements and rulings of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany as the basis to analyze and compare. The author would choose related judgements and rulings to summarize the case facts and the discourse of cultural statements in order to analyze how cultural concepts apply to the practices of the Federal Constitutional Court, explain the characteristic of functional use and the contrasting results in reality. After discussing the cases of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, the author would present the point that the use of language and vocabulary would reflect the existence of the above and its necessity from a hermeneutical way, then inquire the phenomena of pragmatic ambiguity from the prospective of grammar and correlation, and discuss culture as verbal symbol by the research result of linguistics. The above works could be helpful to explain that the purpose of interpretation is to gain the persuasion of the parties to the litigation, and to demonstrate the meaning and the value of this usage with mediating concepts from disorganized cases. At the conclusion of this article the author would illuminate the relation between Constitutional Review and deliberative democracy.
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| 目 次： |
壹、問題意識與研究方法
貳、關涉基本權利者
一、基本權的保護範圍
二、客觀意義的基本權
三、平等權
四、基本權形成
五、基本權侵害的憲法證立
參、作為國家文化任務的理由
一、中央與地方在文化事務上的權限劃分
二、中央與地方財政權限劃分
三、國家任務與社會活動的區分
肆、道理說法的成份：德國釋憲案的分析
一、釋憲者的「文化觀」
二、對於「為文化下定義」的啟示
三、文化與符號
四、以論題修辭學作為道理說法的途徑
五、文化作為一種中介概念
伍、釋憲者在審議民主中的角色－代結論
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