| 關 鍵 詞： |
死亡；腦死；死體；心肺功能喪失說；三徵候綜合判斷說；器官移植；自主決定權；死亡二元論；推定同意；毀損屍體 |
| 中文摘要： |
近代醫學發展快速，除能挽救更多人的生命健康外，傳統死亡概念也面臨到了挑戰。當代醫療下，腦死標準能否重新定義人類生命的終期，抑或僅是促成特定效益的配套措施，值得省思。本爭論所涉及者，除了刑法如何設定生命法益的保護範圍外，同時也須審慎思量器官移植技術獲取利益的同時，又該如何衡平與保障生命法益間的價值衝突。近年，我國與部分先進國家，為求移植效益建構了死亡二元論的立法模式，表明除一般場合仍舊維持傳統三徵候判斷機制外；為求移植效益，將腦死者視為死亡，得直接適用屍體器官摘除程序。但是，判斷死亡，除須仰賴醫學知識外，死亡的意義終究存有濃厚的社會意味，不得輕忽社會通念的意向。總之，該理論將死亡標準截然劃分，在不遵循移植法令的場合中，可能僅僅成立毀損屍體罪，對人民生命法益的保障似有不足。因此，如何從刑法理論展開論述，找出同時追求移植效益，又能契合刑法生命法益維護的雙贏思維，本文將會提出具體看法，希供各界研究參考。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Death；Brain Death；Cadaveric Organ；Whole-body Standard of Death；Synthesize Judge；Organ Transplantation；Autonomy；Death of Dualism；Presumed Consent；Destroy Corpse |
| 英文摘要： |
Rapid development of modern medicine, in addition to be able to save more people's lives and health, the traditional concept of death is also facing the challenge. Contemporary health care, the ability to re-define brain death standard end-of human life, or only supporting measures to promote a particular benefit, it is worth reflection. Those involved in this debate, in addition to how to set the scope of the criminal law to protect legal interests of outside life, but also have to carefully consider organ transplant technology benefits also, how equitable and protect the value of conflict between the legal interests of life. In recent years, Taiwan and some advanced countries, is seeking to construct a death benefit transplant dualism legislative model, indicating that in addition to the general situation still maintain the traditional three incidents to determine mechanisms outside; migration for the sake of efficiency, will be deemed the death of brain dead, was directly applicable cadaveric organ removal procedures. However, the judgment of death, shall, in addition to rely on medical knowledge, the meaning of death, after all, there is a strong underlying social meaning, must not neglect the social concept of flow through. In short, the death of dualism standard distinct from the dead, and in the transplant does not follow the laws of the occasion, it may damage the body set up just the crime, for the protection of people's lives seem to have deficiencies. Therefore, how to expand the discussion from the criminal law theory, identify benefits while pursuing transplantation, but also fit a win-win thinking Penal Law beneficial to maintain life, this paper will propose specific views for reference.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、刑法上的死亡概念及其判斷
一、傳統的死亡概念
二、腦死
參、死亡二元論下的「腦死器官移植法令」
一、專門創造移植效益的立法設計
二、專門立法服務器官移植的質疑
三、小結
肆、摘取腦死器官行為的刑法判斷
一、腦死即死亡
二、腦死非死亡
三、小結
伍、結語
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