| 關 鍵 詞： |
比例原則；階層化；審查標準；違憲審查；基本權利；權力分立 |
| 中文摘要： |
本文旨在透過對我國司法院大法官相關解釋內容的觀察，分析比例原則之解釋方法在我國釋憲實務操作下，蘊含何等特質，而這些特質又如何影響比例原則原本被期待發揮的功能，進而影響大法官解釋論證的說服力。本文將先追溯在司法院釋憲實務中，比例原則從隱微影響到正式進駐大法官解釋論證、再到內化為大法官憲法解釋方法的繼受與發展歷程。緊接著，本文將歸納出司法院釋憲實務操作比例原則之特色，進行進一步的闡述。其中，由於「比例原則與審查標準／密度的結合」此一現象，堪稱司法院釋憲實務在近年來深化比例原則操作的過程中，最重要而具影響力的特色，本文後半部的內容，將聚焦檢視這個現象。本文指出：儘管從司法院釋憲實務的發展軌跡中，的確可以清楚看出比例原則結合審查標準操作的趨勢，但是這種致力於「類型化」與「階層化」的發展終究未竟全功。有鑑於此，本文將針對「審查標準之進駐如何協助改良比例原則操作」的問題，提出具體建議。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
principle of proportionality；hierarchicalization；standards of review；constitutional review；constitutional rights；separation of powers |
| 英文摘要： |
While the introduction of the principle of proportionality into Taiwanese constitutional system was recognized as the result of the reception of German constitutional law, the development of this principle in context of the decisions of Taiwanese Constitutional Court (Judicial Yuan) has undoubtedly shown some "localized" characteristics that are worth exploring. This article thereby begins with an overall observation of the principle of proportionality in light of the constitutional review. It then shows that the application of the principle of proportionality is more and more characterized by the trend of "hierarchicalization" resulting from a combined adoption of the principle of proportionality on one hand and the standards of review on the other hand. Based on this observation, this article critically examines why and in what sense the establishment of such a hierarchy through the current developments in the constitutional review is unable to promise a coherent and rational application of the principle of proportionality. In view of the shortcomings of this "case-by-case balancing" in the practice of Taiwanese Constitutional Court, it argues that the standards of review that are to be applied in the proportionality review must be determined in favor of the protection and realization of the constitutional rights. To this extent, factors such as judicial (self-)restraint and the separation of powers should not be taken into account in constructing the hierarchy of proportionality review.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、比例原則於司法院釋憲實務之繼受與發展
參、司法院釋憲實務操作比例原則之特色
一、比例原則的適用權利類型
二、釋憲實務對必要性原則與法益相稱原則的倚重
三、比例原則與審查標準／密度的結合
肆、比例原則階層化發展之問題與前景：立基於比例原則功能定位的反思及建議
一、釋憲實務「階層化」操作之再檢視
二、階層化發展對比例原則的意義：審查標準如何協助改良比例原則？
伍、結論與展望
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