| 關 鍵 詞: |
沖之鳥礁;大陸礁層界限委員會;日本延伸大陸礁層提案;聯合國海洋法公約第一百二十一條 |
| 中文摘要: |
二○一二年四月,聯合國大陸礁層界限委員會(CLCS)對日本於二○○八年提交的延伸大陸礁層劃界案做出決定,影響深遠。日本跟北京對於 CLCS 這個決定有不同的解讀,彰顯兩國對日本在太平洋主張領土主權的沖之鳥(Oki-no-Tori)的法律地位之不同看法。中國主張沖之鳥滿足聯合國海洋法公約(UNCLOS)第一百二十一條第三項的岩礁(rock)之條件,無權主張大陸礁層。日本主張沖之鳥不滿足公約一百二十一條第三項,而滿足公約第一百二十一條第一項的條件,應視為島嶼(island),可以產生並業已主張專屬經濟海域與大陸礁層。因此,中日兩國對於沖之鳥周圍二○○海里的水域之法律地位也有爭議。中國認為排除日本可以主張的十二海里領海外,其餘為公海。日本認為沖之鳥周圍二○○海里為日本所享有的專屬經濟海域。本文要檢視 CLCS 的決定之始末,同時討論日本、中國、韓國對於日本提案的主張。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
Oki-no-Tori Shima;CLCS;Japan’s Submission for the extended continental shelf;UNCLOS Article 121 |
| 英文摘要: |
In April 2012, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) adopted certain decisions and recommendations regarding Japan’s 2008 outer continental shelf submission. The Japanese and Chinese differing interpretations of these decisions demonstrate the still controversial legal status of Oki-no-Tori Shima under Article 121(3) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Such a contradiction uncovers another dispute on the legal status of the surrounding maritime zone proclaimed by Japan as its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This article examines the decisions and recommendations of the CLCS as well as Japan’s Submission so as to clarify the confusing situation. The decisions by the CLCS have wider implications on the unsettled scope of “disputes” under Rule 46 of and Annex I to the Rules of Procedure (ROP) of the CLCS, affecting future submissions by other States. These implications will be explored by this article. Finally, the author offers his views on the prospect of such confrontational situations.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、CLCS 第二十九屆會議決定之背景 參、CLCS 第二十九屆會議對於沖之鳥礁提案之考量 肆、問題與分析 伍、展望
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