| 關 鍵 詞: |
公共衛生監測;個人資料保護法;公共衛生法 |
| 中文摘要: |
公共衛生監測(public health surveillance)是一國基礎的公共衛生建設;是一種持續、系統性的蒐集、分析、解釋健康相關資訊的措施,以計畫、執行與評估公共衛生實務;經過緊密的整合、適時的傳遞資訊與需要者使用,並且將這些資訊適用於防範與控制。我國目前有眾多的公共衛生監測系統存在,衛生主管機關,透過醫療院所等的通報,蒐集、利用並保存無數民眾可辨識身分的健康個人資料。這些公共衛生監測系統大部分經法律規定,但其內容細節均由主管機關自行設計,包括蒐集項目與使用方式等。我國雖有個人資料保護法宣示對個人資料的保護與尊重,但對公務機關蒐集、處理、利用特種個人資料的規範寬鬆,不足以對公共衛生監測所面對的規範問題提出有效的對策。本文首先介紹公共衛生監測,使讀者瞭解措施之目的與功能,次分析規範議題與美國法上之討論,最後就台灣目前之規範情況提出評論與立法建議。本文以為,公共衛生監測之規範,首應嚴格要求於母法中明示蒐集個人資料的特定目的,以利日後判斷蒐集項目與資料的使用是否有助達成目的、對人民權利的最小限制與均衡性。其次,就公共衛生監測系統應遵守之規範以專法規定之,以妥適保護人民的健康資訊隱私。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
Public Health Surveillance;Personal Information Protection Act;Public Health Law |
| 英文摘要: |
Public health surveillance is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States as an “ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. The final link in the surveillance chain is the application of these data to prevention and control.” Currently, there are numerous public health surveillance systems in Taiwan. Public health agencies acquire, use and store innumerable identifiable health information from medical professionals and health care entities. Most of the public health surveillance systems are authorized by laws; however, details are designed by public health agencies. Personal Information Protection Act was enacted in 2010; however, it does not provide enough regulation for government agencies’ collecting, processing and using identifiable information rega rding an individual’s health status. This article first introduces the background knowledge of public health surveillance systems, including goals and functions. Second, this article analyzes the issues of regulating public health surveillance and introduces related discussions and laws in the U.S.. Third, this article analyzes current legal situation of public health surveillance in Taiwan and provides suggestions. The author suggests the court should require the authorizing law of public health surveillance to state the policy goal specifically and clearly. Such requirement helps to examine whether collected items and future use match policy goals. In addition, this article proposes an act governing public health surveillance to regulate related issues in order to protect people’s health information privacy.
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| 目 次: |
壹、序論 貳、公共衛生監測 一、歷史發展 二、定義、實施與功能 (一)定義 (二)功能 (三)實施 參、公共衛生監測的建置與規範議題 一、政策目的的確立:公共衛生問題的評估與措施的有效性 二、最小數量資訊與資訊的保存:必要性與最小侵害 三、公共衛生利益與個人利益之平衡與本益衡量:均衡性 四、透明度與公共信任:分配正義與公共說明 五、特定目的外利用 肆、美國公共衛生監測之規範情況 一、法院見解與議題 (一)現代公共衛生監測與資料使用 (二)公共衛生利益的特定與階段化檢驗 (三)健康資訊隱私限制的考量因素 二、聯邦與州政府對公共衛生監測之規範概況 (一)相關聯邦法對公共衛生監測之規制 (二)模範州公共衛生隱私法 三、公共衛生研究與公共衛生實踐的區辨 伍、台灣公共衛生監測之法律規範現況與建議 一、台灣公共衛生監測之規範現況 二、大法官會議第六○三號解釋 三、個人資料保護法 四、公共衛生監測之規範需求與立法建議 陸、結論
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