關 鍵 詞: |
過失犯;不作為犯;作為義務;注意義務;結果迴避義務;預見可能性 |
中文摘要: |
注意義務是判斷行為人是否成立過失犯的基準,作為義務則是判斷行為人是否成立不作為犯的基準,兩者原本涇渭分明。但如果是在過失不作為犯中,則兩種義務會同時發生,此時該如何區別兩義務就是在學理上重要的問題。本文比較臺日學說實務,一方面確定臺灣學說實務上,在這個問題上仍有討論的空間,另一方面則介紹分析關於這個問題的日本學說實務見解,在確定了問題發生的原因,與比較分析各家見解的內容後,認為若將注意義務進一步區分為以行為人主觀思考為規範對象的預見可能性(亦有學說稱之為結果預見義務),與以行為人客觀行為為規範對象的結果迴避義務時,則後者與作為義務沒有必要區別,因兩者均為判斷誰應該如何避免法益侵害發生的基準。
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英文關鍵詞: |
negligence;omission;duty of act;duty of care to the others;the duty of eliminating risky result;foreseeability |
英文摘要: |
Traditionally, legal theory distinguishes omission and negligence by the difference between duty of act and duty of care. Therefore, if someone violates his legal duty to prevent harm to the society, his conduct will be regarded as omission; On the other side, if someone breaches the duty of care toward others his conduct will be regarded as negligence. This traditional distinguishment seems persuasive and clear. However, in practice, if someone’s behavior is negligent, he may not only violates the duty of act, but also the duty of care to the others simultaneously. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between those two duties is theoretically essential. The strategy I adopt to analyze this topic is comparing and analyzing theories related to this issue in Taiwan and Japan. By doing comparative law analysis, I come to the conclusion that if we divide duty of care into two categories─“eliminating risky result” and “foreseeability”, we must distinguish the duty of act from foreseeability, due to the reason that the objects between those two duties are different. Meanwhile, distinguishing the duty of act and “eliminating risky result” is redundant, because not only the object, but also the purpose of these two duties are the same.
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目 次: |
壹、問題的發生與我國議論的現狀 一、作為義務與注意義務的交錯:過失不作為犯 二、我國的議論現狀與問題 三、以日本法為比較法素材的理由 四、小結:問題討論的實益與比較法對象 貳、日本過失犯理論的發展與問題的起源 一、早期的過失犯論:主觀面的「應注意」 二、議論重心的轉變與問題的發生 三、早期的解決方法及其問題:作為與不作為的區分 四、小結:新舊過失論構造與分析的方法 參、日本舊過失論下的區別說 一、區別結果預見義務(預見可能性)與結果迴避義務 二、以義務的功能區分 三、強調結果迴避義務的獨立意義 四、小結 肆、日本新過失論下的區別說 一、強調結果預見義務與作為義務的不同 二、過失不作為犯只適用注意義務 三、以義務的功能區分 四、小 結 伍、本文的見解:統合結果迴避義務與作為義務 一、區別說的共識與問題 二、區別失敗的原因分析 三、本文見解:放棄在客觀上的區別 四、小結 陸、代結論:見解回顧與進一步發展的可能性
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