| 關 鍵 詞： |
刑事訴訟法；限制出境；合憲性 |
| 中文摘要： |
關於限制出境乃是檢調機關以及稅務機關常見的強制處分手段，之前我們的討論多集中在稅務機關限制出境的問題。但我國刑事訴訟法第 93 條以及第 101 條與第 101 條之 1 等規定了不同的強制處分的措施，最嚴重的即羈押與預防性羈押規定，然而如果有羈押的原因但沒有必要性時，刑事訴訟法規定了其他的強制手段。因此，檢調機關往往會採取較輕微的手段，例如限制出境作為避免當事人往後不到庭配合訴訟的預防手段，但這樣看似較輕微的手段，往往由於時間的因素，對人民也造成不小的侵害。
事實上來說，關於限制出境的法律規範必須要依據入出國及移民法之規定。該法第 6 條 1 項規定為：「國民有下列情形之一者，入出國及移民署應禁止其出國：一、經判處有期徒刑以上之刑確定，尚未執行或執行未畢。但經宣告六月以下有期徒刑或緩刑者，不在此限。二、通緝中。三、因案經司法或軍法機關限制出國。四、有事實足認有妨害國家安全或社會安定之重大嫌疑。五、涉及內亂罪、外患罪重大嫌疑。六、涉及重大經濟犯罪或重大刑事案件嫌疑。七、役男或尚未完成兵役義務者。但依法令得准其出國者，不在此限。八、護照、航員證、船員服務手冊或入國許可證件係不法取得、偽造、變造或冒用。九、護照、航員證、船員服務手冊或入國許可證件未依第四條規定查驗。十、依其他法律限制或禁止出國。」由上面的事由即可得知，在刑事法層次上限制出境運用的機會甚多，因此有過於浮濫的批評，本文即是從憲法層次依序去討論限制出境的合憲性控制。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
The Code of Criminal Procedure；Restriction from Exiting；Constitutionality |
| 英文摘要： |
Nowadays, restricting taxpayers, including the responsible persons of profit-seeking enterprises trying to exit the Republic of China is one of the most commonly used measures used by the tax collection authorities of the government to secure collectable taxes. However, the more serious Problem is restriction from exiting according to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Due to section I of Article 101 and section I of Article 101-1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, after an accused has been examined by a judge and is strongly suspected of having committed an offense, and due to the existence of one of the following circumstances it is apparent that there will be difficulties in prosecution, trial, or execution of sentence unless the detention of the accused is ordered:
(1) He has absconded, or there are facts sufficient to justify an apprehension that he may abscond;
(2) There are facts sufficient to justify an apprehension that he may destroy, forge, or alter evidence, or conspire with a co-offender or witness;
(3) He has committed an offense punishable with the death penalty, life imprisonment, or a minimum punishment of imprisonment for no less than five years.
After examining the accused, despite the existence of the circumstances specified in section I of Article 101 and section I of Article 101-1, the judge may nevertheless order that the accused be released on bail, or to the custody of another, or with a limitation on his residence, or restriction from exiting if the detention is deemed unnecessary. But lone-term restriction from exiting are also violations of basic rights. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the constitutionality on restriction from exiting in criminal process.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、現行禁止出國的類型與疑問
參、對於出國限制的憲法要求
肆、刑事訴訟程序中限制出境的憲法問題
伍、結語－兼評刑事訴訟法修法草案
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