關 鍵 詞: |
土石採取法;環境維護費;法安定性;信賴保護原則;法規不溯既往原則;從新從優原則 |
中文摘要: |
本文雖贊同環境維護費之立法政策,但基於法安定性及信賴保護原則,本文認為環境維護費收費標準溯及實施有違憲之虞。又本文認為環境維護費屬特別公課,與土石採取之許可相互獨立,其係課予人民負擔,非屬中央法規標準法第 18 條所定「依法聲請之案件」,故不適用該條之規定。
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英文關鍵詞: |
Sand and Gravel Excavation Act;environment maintenance fee;stability of law;the principle of reliance protection;the principle of non-retroactivity of laws and regulations;the principle of applying new or more advantageous |
英文摘要: |
Article 48 of Sand and Gravel Excavation Act stated that Governments shall collect environment maintenance fee when issuing Sand and Gravel Excavation Permit. The “Charging Standard for Environment Maintenance Fee” was announced at July 4, 2003 by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It came into effect restrictively from Feb. 8, 2003. The committee of Chief Judge and Judges in Supreme Administrative Court viewed the retroactive legislation of “charging standard for environment maintenance fee” not unconstitutional because of the public interest of environment and ecology protection. This essay agrees the legislative policy of charging environment maintenance fee. But based on the principles of stability of law and reliance protection, the retroactive implementation of “Charging Standard for Environment Maintenance Fee” is unconstitutional. This paper argues that environment maintenance fees are “special tax”. The environment maintenance fee and the Sand and Gravel Excavation Permit are independent of each other. The charging of environment maintenance fee places a burden on the people and can not apply Article 18 of Central Regulation Standard Act because it is not a case of an application by one person.
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目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、問題之提出 參、環境維護費與土石採取 一、環境維護費之法律性質 二、環境維護費與土石採取許可之關係 肆、環境維護費收費基準之時間效力 一、法規不利益溯及既往之容許性 (一)溯及性法規與法治國原則 (二)德國聯邦憲法法院之二分法 (三)德國學說見解 (四)我國司法院解釋之見解 (五)我國學說見解 (六)本文分析 二、環境維護費收費基準之溯及效力與年度原則 三、環境維護費收費基準真正溯及既往之合憲性檢討 (一)環境維護費之負擔非微不足道 (二)人民之預見並不具體 (三)收費基準並非取代違憲之舊規定 (四)收費基準並非消除舊法之不確定性 (五)並無高於法安定性的極重要公益 伍、環境維護費之收取與從新從優原則 一、中央法規標準法第18 條之立法原意 二、新舊法規之比較基準時 三、中央法規標準法第18 條適用之案件類型 四、「從優」之消極要件-新法規廢除或禁止之所聲請之事項 陸、行政救濟機關之見解 一、經濟部訴願決定 二、高等行政法院之判決 三、最高行政法院庭長法官聯席會議決議 四、對最高行政法院庭長法官聯席會議決議之評析 (一)憲法增修條文第 10 條第 2 項不足以作為溯及收費之基礎 (二)法律明確授權不表示收費基準得溯及生效 (三)信賴保護之考量 (四)從新從優原則之適用 柒、結語
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