| 關 鍵 詞： |
財產獨立；遺產；專屬性；交易成本；普通保證；人事保證 |
| 中文摘要： |
保證人死亡後，保證契約能否繼承，民法債編保證節僅於人事保證設有明文。最高法院向來為了保護繼承人，逐漸擴張保證契約具有一身專屬性的範圍，使保證契約不被繼承。然而，2009 年民法繼承編修法後改採概括繼承有限責任，保證契約為繼承之標的，惟繼承人僅在所得遺產內負有限責任。因此，本文重新檢討為了保護繼承人所形成的複雜法院見解。
本文提出民法第 1148 條「專屬於被繼承人」之一般理論，指出信任、能力、技術是專屬性來源。意定法律關係的一身專屬性理論奠基在法經濟學的「多數的預設任意規定」理論上。依此理論，保證人與債權人間的保證契約，因為給付內容是（可轉化為）金錢給付債務，乃典型不具專屬性的法律關係，不分保證類型應該預設為一律繼承。若強制保證契約不得繼承，將使人保對債權人之價值下降；交易者找尋人保之替代品，使交易成本上升，造成無效率。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
separate patrimony；estate；exclusivity；transaction costs；guaranty；employment guaranty |
| 英文摘要： |
The Book of Obligation of the Taiwanese Civil Code does not clearly stipulate whether guaranty contracts can be or should be inherited by guarantors’ heirs. The Taiwan Supreme Court over the years has expressed conflicting views on this issue, and its jurisprudence has not been settled yet.
This article advances a general theory of the exclusivity of inheritance. According to Article 1148 of the Taiwanese Civil Code, if an asset, obligation, or right is considered to exclusively belong to a deceased person, his/her heirs cannot inherit it; that is, it is not included in the estate. Trust, capability, and technique are the sources of exclusivity. Exclusivity can be unilateral or bilateral. Obligation to pay money and the right to receive money in principle are not exclusive. Accordingly, the guaranty contract is a typical non-exclusive legal relationship and should be inherited regardless of the guaranty types. The Taiwanese Civil Code as of now prescribes that employment guaranty contracts automatically terminate upon the death of the guarantor. It was a reasonable doctrine when it was stipulated, as at the time an heir had to pay back, from his/her own pocket, not just from the estate, inherited debt. With the new inheritance law that limits heir liability to (the value of) the estate, it is not unfair for the heir to use the estate to fulfill guaranty obligations. Moreover, the inheritability of guaranty contracts reduces the value of guaranty to creditors, who have to opt for other credit options, likely increasing transaction costs and reducing the number of voluntary transactions.
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| 目 次： |
壹、導論
貳、一身專屬性理論
一、一身專屬性之學說見解與問題所在
二、信任、能力、技術：專屬性之具體化
參、保證繼承性之規範演變與實務見解檢討
一、1999 年債編修正前
二、1999 年債編保證章修正後
三、2008 與 2009 年繼承編修法後
四、檢討與分析：保證契約之非專屬性
五、小結
肆、結論
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