| 關 鍵 詞: |
戒嚴法;軍事統帥;軍事審判;法的移植;法的繼受 |
| 中文摘要: |
戒嚴的意義在於面臨外敵內變之際,停止正常的法律規定,必要時亦得將一部分或全部的行政事務及司法事務委由軍事管轄之。故戒嚴的本質,即是對於全國局部區域或全部區域,實施兵力警戒之意,此乃具有戰時警備之性質。又自古以來,戰時警備即是遂行作戰任務的一種手段,據此,戰時戒嚴係屬軍事統帥行為,具有高度排除國家其他機關干涉之特質。同時此際,戒嚴地軍隊司令官,為維持兵力警戒之必要,得依法將特定刑事犯罪納入軍事機關審判,以及在戒嚴地域內亦得行使行政特別警察之權限。本論文係針對日本明治時期的戒嚴法制實施比較研究,藉以探究戒嚴法令之真諦,除此之外,我國現行戒嚴法大部分是移植與繼受日本明治戒嚴法制,故研究日本明治戒嚴法,其意義即如同是探討我國現行戒嚴法之規範。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
Martial Law;Military Command;Military Trial;Legal Transplant;Legal Reception |
| 英文摘要: |
The significance of Martial Law is to stop the implementation of normal law when facing foreign aggression and internal mutiny. If necessary, some or all of the administrative and judicial affairs may be appointed under military jurisdiction. Therefore, the essence of Martial Law is to impose military vigilance in partial areas or all areas of the country, and this is the nature of wartime security. Since ancient times, wartime security has been a means of carrying out combat missions. Accordingly, wartime Martial Law is a military command behavior, and has the characteristics of highly excluding the qualities of other national organizations to intervene. At the same time, commander of the Martial Law district to maintain the necessary military vigilance, a specific criminal offense can be tried in military organs according to law, and can execute the authority of the special administrative police in the Martial Law area. This paper is a comparative study on the implementation of Martial Law during Japanese Meiji era, in order to explore the true meaning of Martial Law. In addition, the current Martial Law in our country is mainly transplanted and received from the Japanese Meiji Martial Law. Therefore, studying the Meiji Martial Law in Japan is like exploring the norms of the current Martial Law in our country.
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| 目 次: |
壹、序說 貳、戒嚴令的法律性質、意義及種類 一、戒嚴令的法律性質 二、戒嚴令的定義 三、戒嚴的種類 參、戒嚴的布告及宣告與改定(變更) 一、直接布告 二、委任宣告 (一)戰時委任 (二)事變委任 (三)委任宣告戒嚴權限之指定 (四)委任宣告戒嚴的意見具申(報告) 三、戒嚴區域的改定(變更) 肆、戒嚴的本質 一、臨戰地境 二、合圍地境 三、合圍地境內的裁判 (一)有關軍事的民事及列舉特定刑事犯罪之軍衙裁判管轄 (二)交通斷絕時不分民事刑事之軍衙裁判管轄 (三)合圍地境內軍衙之裁判限制不得上訴 伍、戒嚴地司令官的執行權限 一、集會或新聞雜誌廣告等認為有妨害時勢者,得停止之 二、調查可提供軍需之民有諸物品,又依時機得禁止其輸出 三、不定期檢查涉及槍砲彈藥兵器火具其他危險諸物品之所有者,依時機得扣押之 四、郵信電報得開緘及檢查出入船舶與諸物品,並得停止陸、海通路 五、依戰況於情非得已時,得破壞燒燬人民動產不動產 六、合圍地境內不分晝夜,得進入人民的家屋建造物船舶中檢察 七、依時機,得隨時使合圍地境內寄宿者退離其地 陸、戒嚴的效力與戒嚴的終止(解除戒嚴) 一、戒嚴的效力 二、戒嚴的終止(解除戒嚴) 柒、結語
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