| 關 鍵 詞： |
進步性；非顯而易見性；專利；輔助考量因素；專利審查 |
| 中文摘要： |
在專利審查與專利審判中，進步性（非顯而易見性）之判斷經常出現爭議卻又缺乏客觀化與普遍化之適用標準，所以關於進步性之判斷標準向來為專利實務界與司法實務界所關注之議題，因此專利實務界與司法實務界不斷謀求明確且合宜之標準以適用於判斷系爭請求項是否具有進步性。
美國的判例法對於進步性之判斷標準的法律見解歷經數次變動，而美國專利商標局乃配合該等法律見解修正其公布的「專利審查程序手冊」之內容；此外，台灣的司法實務界與智慧財產局對於進步性之判斷標準經常會參考美國的判例法及美國專利商標局修正公布的「專利審查程序手冊」建立的法律原則。
因此本文將就美國有關進步性之判斷標準的重要案例及相關規定加以分析與說明，並就台灣有關進步性之判斷標準的重要案例及相關規定加以分析與說明，再就美國與台灣有關進步性之判斷標準進行充分地比較與深入地分析，以便就有關進步性之判斷標準歸納整理出較為清晰且適當的法律原則，以供台灣的司法實務界與智慧財產局在審理有關進步性之爭議案件時參考。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
inventive step；nonobviousness；patent；secondary considerations；patent examination |
| 英文摘要： |
In the patent examination and patent trial, the judgement of the inventive step (nonobviousness) of patents often appears controversies, but the judgement of the inventive step of patents lacks the applicable standards for objectification and universalization, so the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents are always the concerned issues to the patent practitioners and judicial practitioners. Therefore, the patent practitioners and judicial practitioners constantly seek clear and appropriate standards in order to apple to judge whether the disputed claims have the inventive step of patents.
The U.S. case laws related to the legal opinions about the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents have changed several times, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office modifies the content of the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure in order to match such legal opinions; moreover, Taiwan’s judicial practitioners and the Intellectual Property Office deciding the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents usually refer to the legal principles from the U.S. case laws and the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure modified and published by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Consequently, above all, this article will analyze and explain the important cases and relative provisions related to the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents in the United States; this article will analyze and explain the important cases and relative provisions related to the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents in Taiwan; then, this article will fully compare and deeply analyze the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents in the United States and Taiwan, so as to summarize and organize relatively clear and appropriate legal principles related to the judgement standards of the inventive step of patents, so that when the Taiwan’s judicial practitioners and the Intellectual Property Office try the disputed cases related to the inventive step of patents, such legal principles can be referred.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、判斷進步性的一般標準之比較論析
一、美國有關判斷進步性的一般標準
二、台灣有關判斷進步性的一般標準
參、判斷進步性的輔助考量因素之比較論析
一、美國有關判斷進步性的「輔助考量因素」
二、台灣有關判斷進步性的「輔助考量因素」
肆、美國與台灣有關進步性的判斷標準之綜合評析
一、是否適用「明顯可試的」結合不構成顯而易見性
二、同時適用「TSM 測試法」與「無法預期之結果」理論作為進步性之判斷標準
三、是否適用「先確立專利申請日所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者及其技術水準」的見解
四、當提出「輔助考量因素」時，法院或專利審查人員是否須審酌該「輔助考量因素」
五、法官應委任專家擔任鑑定人，並提醒基於作成鑑定意見時應審酌「輔助考量因素」
六、避免實務對進步性之判斷產生「後見之明」的作法
伍、結論
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