| 關 鍵 詞： |
監視器；法律保留；基本權 |
| 中文摘要： |
近年犯罪手法更迭，傳統勤務方式之巡邏、守望及崗哨之站崗無法有效地壓制犯罪。過去只有銀行、銀樓才裝設監視器，但現在商店、鄰里各路口均加裝監視器以加強巡守，俾以一旦發生治安事故，透過監視器發揮「第三隻眼」的功能，就協助辦案與蒐證功能上，確存有不可或缺的價值。故普遍認為達到治安維護及預防犯罪之目的，在合理範圍內設置監視器，應有其容許性。惟監視器的運用係以「環境管理」型的技術維護治安，造成人們只要一出門，便極有可能成為鏡頭下的主角，影響民眾個人隱私甚巨，不免涉及基本權利的侵害問題，對人權保障恐有不周。因此，本文旨在探討警察機關為防犯犯罪、維護人民生活安全及社會秩序之目的下，是否為行政警察活動得由警察機關等依其所掌職務之需要，基於裁量權決定是否設置、利用監視器？警察任務授予規範是否具有可為此種警察活動義務及活動請求根據之機能？以警察活動目的之街頭監視器的監視錄影行為係屬於何種手段？其為任意手段？施以比例原則之規制即可？或係強制處分之範疇，必須有法律的特別根據為必要等相關問題予以釐清。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
CCTV；Legal Reservation；Fundamental Rights |
| 英文摘要： |
The criminal behavior has changed rapidly in recent years, so the traditional police services, such as patrol, guard and sentry can no longer effectively oppress crime. In the past, only banks and jewelry shops would install CCTV. But nowadays this device has been installed in shops and road intersections in order to strengthen guard. Once a security incident occurs, CCTV can exert its function as “The Third Eye” to assist in investigation and proof collection which indeed shows to be indispensable. As a result, it is commonly agreed that CCTV can be set up in reasonable scope on the purpose of security maintenance and crime prevention, only that the utilization of CCTV applies the technique of environmental management to upholding the public security. When people go out, they are very possible to be recorded on the camera. This results in significant impact on personal privacy and unavoidably raises the concern that fundamental rights of human beings may be violated. In consequence, this essay aims at probing into the following issues, whether it is appropriate or not that police agencies can based on their right of discretion to install and utilize CCTV to prevent crime as well as to maintain the public security and social order, whether regulations of police mission can provide the legal basis to this kind of policy duty and action request, whether it is an unconstrained measurement that can apply to the principle of proportionality, or a constrained measurement that requires the specific legal basis.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、設置防犯監視器措置之法律性質
一、行政警察活動與司法警察活動
二、警察任務規範可否直接做為警察活動之依據
三、設置防犯監視器之警察手段
參、法律保留原則之內涵
一、概說
二、監視器對基本權之干預
三、層級化之保留體系
肆、資料蒐集活動與侵害保留
一、概說
二、資料侵害論與侵害保留論
三、領域理論與侵害保留論
四、資訊自決權與侵害保留論
伍、結論
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