| 關 鍵 詞： |
締約上過失；說明義務；資訊揭露義務；不實表述；信賴利益；違約責任；契約解消；歐洲契約法 |
| 中文摘要： |
依民法第 245 條之 1 第 1 項第 1 款規定，締約人僅就「締約有重要關係之事項」負有說明義務，且其違法行為必須以對方曾經詢問，加害人惡意隱匿或為不實之說明為構成要件。又本條規定具有「契約未成立」之要件，對於締約人違反說明義務，致訂立不利他人契約之案件，是否適用，顯有疑問。
對於締約人不實陳述，致訂立不利於他方之契約，德國法除錯誤法則及詐欺法則之外，就過失不實表述之案件，認為加害人應負締約上過失責任。英國法就詐欺與不實表述採取統一規範，被害人得主張撤銷契約，並請求賠償損害。
本文藉由比較法方式，檢討我國民法第 245 條之 1 第 1 項第 1 款之規定。本文指出，依本條款之規定，締約人之說明義務，限於「經他方詢問」之事項，並未承認締約人之一般性的說明義務。又「就訂約有重要關係之事項」，應參酌各國法制，就個案認定之。為完善保護被害人之權益，避免法律規範漏洞，本條款規定，不應限於「契約未成立」，始得適用，而應擴張解釋，涵蓋當事人違反說明義務致訂立不利他人契約之案件。至於契約成立後，所成立之締約上過失責任，是否僅構成違約責任，本文認為締約上過失責任與不完全給付責任，規範對象不同，二者併存而具有各自功能。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
culpa in contrahendo；duty of information；duty of disclosure；misrepresentation；reliance damages；liability for breach of contract；termination of contract；European contract law |
| 英文摘要： |
The culpa in contrahendogoverned by Subparagraph 1, Paragraph 1, Article 245-1 of Taiwan Civil Code stipulates that a negotiator is liable for deliberately not disclosinginformation or givingincorrect information where the information is significant and the informer is requested to disclose such information. Although this article provides a negotiator with a duty of information, it is restricted to be applied to the negotiation that does not lead to conclusion of a contract in the end. As such, it is disputable as to whether the culpa in contrahendostipulated in this article is applicable to the case where a contract has been entered even if a negotiator breached its duty ofinformation.
The culpa in contrahendois applicable to the case where a contract was concluded with negligent misrepresentation under German law, as long as such contract is harmful to the non-informed party, who is entitled to claim reliance damages. In English law, the Misrepresentation Act is enacted to govern fraud, negligent and non-negligent misrepresentation, and empowers the victim to rescind a contract and to claim damages.
This paper is aimed to examine Subparagraph 1, Paragraph 1, Article 245-1 of Taiwan Civil Code in terms of its legislative purpose and its application. It is indicated herein that this article does not recognize a general principle of duty of information since only those information requested by the victim is subject todisclosure. Although this article restricts itsapplication to the case where a contract is not concluded in the end, it should have been interpreted to governthe case where a contract is concluded with negligent misrepresentation. It is arguable that culpa in contrahendoshould not be eliminated by the liability of non-performance in some cases.
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| 目 次： |
壹、序言
貳、基本原則
一、締約資訊自行承擔風險原則
二、我國法上說明義務之疑問
參、說明義務之違反
一、英美法
二、法國法
三、德國法
四、歐洲契約法
肆、英國法之不實表述（misrepresentation）法則
一、統一的不實表述法則
二、案例說明
伍、德國法之締約上過失法則
一、故意欺瞞案件
二、過失不實表述案件
陸、救濟方法
一、英國法
二、德國法
三、歐洲契約法
柒、我國法之檢討
一、民法第 245 條之 1 第 1 項第 1 款之構成要件
二、救濟方法
三、締約上過失責任與違約責任
捌、結語
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