| 關 鍵 詞： |
全球化；健康與人權；國際衛生法；健康權；國家中心主義；世界衛生組織 |
| 中文摘要： |
本文介紹國際衛生法之發展及其於當代所面臨之挑戰。相較於國際法中其他次領域，國際衛生法是一套難以顧名思義的規範系統，相關法律工具與機制大多係功能性地存在於國際社會中，以回應特定事件對公共衛生之影響，因此具有兩大特色：經驗上之偶然性與規範上之碎裂性。世界衛生組織成立時被高度期待能制度化並規範化國際衛生治理。冷戰結束後，非國家行為者影響力大增，人權規範滲入國際衛生領域，超國家法律程序進一步建構了治理「全球衛生」之政治與規範想像。自千禧年以降，經社文權利、全球健康正義、去殖民等批判思潮與公民行動再為國際衛生實踐帶來了數波衝擊。然而，有挑戰就有契機，逼著各國深刻面對並處理國際衛生法原本偶然且碎裂等問題，而此發展趨勢下，程序正義、民主正當性、責任歸屬等議題則成為全球衛生規範下一個階段的難題。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Globalisation；Health and Human Rights；International Health Law；Right to Health；State-Centrism；World Health Organisation |
| 英文摘要： |
This article introduces the development of intonational health law and its contemporary challenges. Compared to other subfields of international law, international health law is a normative system whose definition is contested. Related legal instruments and mechanisms have been created simply for their functional purposes, in order to address the impact of specific events upon public health. It thus contains two primary features: empirical contingency and normative fragmentation. In this context, the WHO was highly expected to better institutionalise international health governance when it was established. Since the end of the Cold War, multiple non-state actors have become influential while the human rights norms have infiltrated the international health regime, the ‘transnational legal processes’ have facilitated the political and normative imaginations with regard to governing ‘global health’. Recently, critical scholarship and social activism based on - for instance, the socioeconomic rights, global health justice, and post/anti/decolonial politics - have all greatly challenged international health practices, which, however, have also provide opportunities for the states to face squarely and address the contingency and fragmentation problems of international health law. Following this argument, global health norms will then have to handle properly the issues concerning procedural justice, democratic legitimacy, and the distribution of responsibility.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、作為國際法次領域之國際衛生法
參、國際衛生事務的外交與制度形成
肆、世界衛生組織的能力及劃地自限
伍、非國家行為者觸發國際規範深化
陸、人權逐漸成為全球衛生道德規則
柒、結論
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