| 關 鍵 詞： |
溯及既往；不溯及既往；真正溯及既往；不真正溯及既往；世代立法權；法的安定性；信賴保護 |
| 中文摘要： |
真正溯及既往之立法，向來原則上被禁止。但其法理基礎為何，似乎僅侷限於違反法的安定性與人民之信賴保護。其實，真正溯及既往立法之所以應被禁止，除基於法的安定性與人民之信賴保護外，本文從時空法則深入探究，認為應另包括：侵害既得權利、違背預見可能性、侵害世代立法權、司法權與行政權；同時也侵害了世代的主權與政治體制，甚至將造成轉型「不正義」與「不 正義轉型」。 造成真正溯及既往之原因，除了法律明文規定其效力及於其施行前已經終 結之法定要件事實外，尚包括向來被忽略之法律採「從新從輕」與「從新從優」原則，亦會導致發生真正溯及既往之結果。真正溯及既往在規範邏輯上的荒謬性，除溯及既往立法以外，尚可能出現溯及既往修正法律或廢止法律，甚至造成溯及既往裁判與再審等情況。本文特別從時空法則之觀點，分析事實與法規之判斷之基準時，並分別從立法事件、行政事件與司法事件，探討真正與非真正之溯及既往類型，並提出其容許性之法理基礎。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Retroactivity；Non-Retroactivity；Real Retroactivity；Unreal Retroactivity；Generational ；Legislative Power；Legal Stability and Certainty；Protection of Trust |
| 英文摘要： |
Legislation that is truly retroactive has always been banned in principle. However, its legal basis seems to be limited to the violation of the stability of the law and the protection of the people’s trust. In fact, the reason why truly retroactive legislation should be prohibited is based not only on the stability of the law and the protection of the people’s trust. This article explores the law of time and space and believes that it should also include: infringement of acquired rights, violation of foreseeable possibilities, and infringement of generational legislation Power, judicial power, and administrative power; at the same time, it has violated the sovereignty and political system of generations, and will even cause “unjust” and “unjust transformation” in transformation. The reasons for the real retroactivity include, in addition to the fact that the law expressly stipulates its validity and the statutory essential facts that have ended before its implementation, it also includes the circumstances that laws adopting the principles of “renewing lighter” and “renewing better”, which will also lead to A truly retroactive result occurred, but it seems be neglected traditionally. The absurdity of the normative logic of true retroactivity, in addition to retroactive legislation, may also be retroactively amended or repealed, or even lead to retroactive judgments and retrials. This article especially analyzes the basis of the judgment of facts and laws from the perspective of the law of time and space, and discusses the retroactive types of true and untrue from legislative events, administrative events and judicial events respectively, and proposes the legal basis of its permissibility.
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| 目 次： |
壹、問題之提出
貳、事實與法規判斷基準時的時空法則
一、事實判斷基準時的時空法則
二、法規判斷基準時的時空法則
參、真假溯及既往的時空法則
一、真正溯及既往的時空法則
二、不真正溯及既往的時空法則
三、類似真正溯及既往的時空法則
肆、真正溯及既往在規範邏輯上之荒謬性
一、「溯及既往」立法？
二、「溯及既往」修正法律？
三、「溯及既往」廢止法律？
四、「溯及既往」裁判？
五、「溯及既往」再審？
伍、真正溯及既往之違憲性
一、侵害既得權利
二、違反法律秩序安定
三、侵害人民之合理信賴
四、違背預見可能性
五、侵害世代立法權
六、侵害世代司法裁判權
七、侵害世代行政權
八、侵害世代主權與政治體制
九、轉型不正亦與不正義轉型
陸、結論
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