| 關 鍵 詞： |
毒品；毒駕；閾值；具體危險犯；標準化現場清醒測試 |
| 中文摘要： |
隨著毒品的氾濫，毒駕案件也層出不窮，根據相關研究，無論是國外或在我國，毒駕問題都相當嚴重。因此，大多數國家均有禁止毒駕的法律規範，然由於毒品的種類多樣化及其特性，先進國家確實也曾出現執法部門難以落實執行禁止毒駕的現象。我國因毒駕現況嚴重的被忽視，檢測能力的設備及人員訓練不足，形成警察取締的困境，加諸司法實務上對於毒駕「致不能安全駕駛」多採具體危險犯，亦面臨多數毒駕難以定罪的問題。對於日趨嚴重的毒駕問題，國際組織及先進國家已經累積相當多關於毒駕與道路交通安全的研究，促使毒駕的立法及處理程序趨向周延。本文擬採文獻探討法，蒐集前揭資料，據以介紹、分析及比較，藉以探討我國防制毒駕現況之困境，並提出律定閾值、建構相關設備、標準化現場清醒測試、毒品評估分類計畫、毒品識別專家培養、執法人員訓練及績效激勵等建議，以解決在毒品影響下駕車安全性及人權保障等問題。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Drug；Drug-Impaired Driving；Threshold Value；Concrete Offense；Standardized Field Sobriety Test |
| 英文摘要： |
With the abuse of drugs, drug-impaired driving cases are also increasing. According to relevant research, the problem of drug-impaired driving is very severe both in other countries and in Taiwan. Therefore, most countries have laws and regulations prohibiting drug-impaired driving. However, due to the variety and characteristics of drugs, advanced countries have indeed experienced difficulties in law enforcement agencies in implementing the prohibition of drug-impaired driving. Due to in our country, the severe neglect of the current situation of drug-impaired driving, the lack of equipment and personnel training for detection capabilities have created a dilemma for the police to ban, and the judicial practice has adopted concrete offense for drug-impaired driving. Causing drug-impaired driving is difficult to convict. Regarding the increasingly severe problem of drug-impaired driving, international organizations and advanced countries have accumulated a considerable amount of research on drug-impaired driving and road traffic safety, which have prompted the legislation and handling procedures of drug-impaired driving more comprehensive.
This study intends to use the literature review and discussion to collect the information, to introduce, analyze, and compare, to explore the plight of our country's drug-impaired driving control. It also proposes legal thresholds value; construction of related equipment; standardized field sobriety tests; drug evaluation, and classification programs; drugs recognition expert training; law enforcement personnel training; and performance incentives and so on to solve problems such as driving safety and human rights protection under the influence of drugs.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、國際間防制毒駕之立法規範與執法作為
一、美國
（一）大麻除罪化及零容忍法實施情形
（二）毒駕取締程序
二、加拿大
（一）毒駕定義
（二）毒駕取締程序及毒品識別專家
（三）罰則
三、歐盟及英國
（一）零容忍法與閾值
（二）毒駕取締程序
四、澳洲
（一）毒駕採證程序及零容忍
（二）毒駕罰責
五、香港地區
（一）毒駕取締程序
（二）毒駕罰責
六、小結
（一）以駕車行為實際受影響程度為判斷的法規
（二）在法律中規定閾值
（三）零容忍政策
（四）混合方法
參、我國現況之檢討
一、法規範面
二、毒駕取締程序
三、司法實務見解
（一）採具體危險犯
（二）採抽象危險犯
肆、結論與建議
一、刑法原則下的毒駕零容忍
二、法律保留原則下的口腔液試紙初篩
三、本土化毒品評估分類計畫及標準化現場清醒測試
四、提升第一線執法人員取締毒駕能力
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