| 關 鍵 詞： |
腦庫；腦組織；解剖屍體條例；生前登錄制；告知同意；推定同意 |
| 中文摘要： |
隨著邁向高齡化的社會，針對腦部病變等疾病，臺灣腦神經組織資源中心的建置將有助提升神經病理診斷的精確性及研發新的治療術式與藥物。然而，無論是腦組織的勸募或採集，依目前《解剖屍體條例》相關規定的適用，可能會阻礙推定的進展。
本條例經前次修正，早已歷經三十年有餘，是否有必要再為相對應的調整，值得探討。本文將從採集腦組織可能涉及的權利侵害談起，進一步探討《解剖屍體條例》內容以及腦組織取用時可能面臨的問題與困境，並提出解決之建議。
展望未來，為了持續推動腦庫的發展，針對腦組織的勸募與採集，本文將參考日本腦銀行的營運經驗，思考如何維護捐獻者與家屬等相關人員的權益。針對腦組織的勸募機制，應以「自願捐獻」為原則，採取本人生前登錄制，期待藉由完善的規劃，未來在腦庫順利營運下，人民方能廣泛受惠，促使國民的信賴與肯定，並進一步獲取各界更多的支持與資源，達成造福人民的永續目標。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Taiwan Brain Tissue Resources Center；brain tissue；Human Autopsy Act；Register for brain donation；Presumed consent |
| 英文摘要： |
With the advancing of an aging society, the establishment of the Taiwan Brain Tissue Resources Center（TBTRC） will help improve the accuracy of neuropathological diagnosis and develop new treatments and drugs for diseases such as brain diseases. However, whether it is the recruitment or collection of brain tissue, the current application of the relevant provisions of the "Human Autopsy Act" may hinder the progress of the presumption.
However, this Regulation has been revised for more than 30 years since the previous amendment. It is worth discussing whether it is necessary to make corresponding adjustments. This article will start with the infringement of rights that may be involved in the collection of brain tissue, and further discuss the contents of the "Human Autopsy Act" and the problems and difficulties that may be faced when brain tissue is retrieved, and propose solutions.
Looking forward to the future, in order to continue to promote the development of the brain bank and target the fundraising and collection of brain tissues, this article will refer to the operating experience of the Japan Brain Bank and think about how to protect the rights and interests of donors, family members and other related personnel. In detail, the persuasion mechanism for brain tissues should be based on the principle of "voluntary donations" and adopt the Register for brain donation system. It is hoped that with a perfect planning, the people can benefit from the smooth operation of TBTRC in the future, and promote The trust and affirmation of the citizens of society, and further obtain more support and resources from all walks of life, to achieve the sustainable goal of benefiting the people.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、採集腦組織的侵害與合法化基準
一、民法所有權與祭祀管理權
二、刑法保護法益內涵與選擇
三、正當化基準的思維途徑
參、採集腦組織之法規範適用與困境
一、得解剖屍體的條件
二、解剖屍體的執行程序
三、適用現行法所面臨的困境
肆、日本 NCNP 腦銀行營運的借鑑
一、腦銀行的倫理準則
二、腦銀行生前登錄制
伍、腦組織採集與勸募機制的展望
一、採集腦組織與適用規範的理解
二、腦組織勸募機制的法政策雛議
陸、結語
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