| 關 鍵 詞: |
歐洲共識;評斷餘地;道德;歐洲人權法院;價值 |
| 中文摘要: |
長久以來,歐洲人權法院面對敏感人權議題,往往藉助所謂「歐洲共識vs.評斷餘地」條款,將人權爭議導向主流價值之決定或民主意志的選擇。透過對歐洲人權法院「血親相姦案」的檢討,本文嘗試指出:歐洲人權法院以主流價值作為人權保障條件的人權觀點,不僅明顯跟自由保障的理念產生本質上的衝突,也違反歐洲人權公約與歐洲人權法院的制度目的。從這個角度看來,歐洲人權法院在長期發展過程中高度仰賴的「歐洲共識」與「評斷餘地」,實有被根本檢討的空間。以血親相姦案判決為例,歐洲人權法院不應一味著眼於歐洲各國對血親相姦行為抱持何等評價,又如何加以因應,並在依此而賦予德國廣泛評斷餘地之後,幾乎放棄對血親相姦罪的審查。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
European Consensus;Margin of Appreciation;Morals;European Court of Human Rights;Value |
| 英文摘要: |
Over the past few decades, the European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly applied the so-called "margin of appreciation"-doctrine to refrain from intervening in sensitive human rights controversies. Combined with the consideration of the (non-)existence of the "European consensus" as well as the respect for national sovereignty and democracy, however, this doctrine tends to undermine the institutional function of the European Convention on Human Rights. Through a critical examination of the incest decision of the European Court of Human Rights, this essay purports to illuminate the dogmatic and institutional problems of the contemporary European Human Rights Law especially from the perspective of Kelsen's theory of international law.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、德國聯邦憲法法院對血親相姦罪的違憲審查 參、歐洲人權法院在血親相姦案判決中的主要論點 肆、以共識為條件的人權保障?-對歐洲人權法院立場的檢討 一、權限分際考量下的「歐洲共識」與「評斷餘地」? 二、主流價值引導下的「歐洲共識」與「評斷餘地」? 三、包裝在價值相對主義宣稱下的文化相對主義思維 四、小結:對血親相姦案的省思 伍、結語
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