| 關 鍵 詞： |
興學自由；服務經濟法；價格管制；基本調幅；規範具體化行政規則；程序私化；管制裁量 |
| 中文摘要： |
本文從憲法上公共任務之分配與管制議題，探究國家管制私立大學學費收取之制度特性。學費收取為學校與學生建立利用關係所必要，事涉教學活動之提供與享用。作者先闡述私人興學兼具辦學理念的發揚與分擔國家高等教育任務，存有以自由權行使參與公共任務的雙面性。因生存照顧的可民營化，大學法兼具文化行政和服務經濟的管制特性。本於憲法上社會國原則與平等受教權理念，學費分擔採取限制私立大學徵收額度之方式達成。
為申論我國獨特之學費管制制度，作者先取相近之市場價格管制的理論、制度與實務，縷析二項獨特的事實調查程序：指標化的調幅核算程序、調查程序前置的私程序。前者類似電信事業之調整上限制。後者採取價格資訊管制，課予大學申請決定收費基準前，特別是從事實調查與後果取向角度，應向學生公開義務。對現行指標能否切實反映大學經營成本，提出質疑。在維持大學間公平競爭與學生公平就學的兩難問題之間，除使學費應佔大學經營成本主要部份而非絕大部分之管制思維外，應從財源整體性觀點去衡平學費趨同的低度競爭。是以應從激勵獎助與有限允許財務自主方式，兼顧大學財務自主與學生承受之能力。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
freedom to setting up school；public service law；price control；price adjustment；amplitude of change；normkonkretisierende Verwaltungsvorschrift (concretization of norms through administrative regulations)；privatization of public proceedings |
| 英文摘要： |
This paper investigates the institutional features of government regulation of tuition fees charged by private universities in terms of the constitutional issue of distribution and regulation of public tasks. Charging tuition fees is indispensable to the building of a relationship of utilisation between universities and students, involving the provision and enjoyment of teaching activities. The author first expounds that the setting up of private universities entails both the carrying forward of the visions of universities and the sharing in the task of national higher education, wherein exists the dual nature of participating in public tasks through exercising the right to freedom. Given that “services of general interests (Daseinsvorsorge)” can be privatized, the University Act has a regulatory characteristic that embraces both cultural administration and service economy. Based on the constitutional principle of welfare state and the idea of equal right to education, the sharing of tuition fees is achieved by means of restricting the amount of fees charged by private universities.
To elaborate on the regulatory system for private university tuition fees in Taiwan, this paper first compares similar theories and practices of market price regulation, and then analyzes two unique fact investigation proceedings: indicative adjustment accounting proceedings and antecedent privatization of public proceedings. The former is analogous to the price-cap-regulation for the telecommunications industry, while the latter prescribes that universities, before applying for determining their fee benchmarks, should disclose to students the obligatory price information control, particularly from the fact-investigation and consequence-oriented perspectives. Queries are raised regarding whether the present indicators can truly reflect the operating costs of universities. In the dilemma of maintaining fair competition between universities and educational equity among students, in addition to the regulative thinking that tuition fees should constitute the major, rather than the greatest, part of the ope rating cost of universities, efforts should be taken to balance the low competition resulting from tuition fee convergence from a holistic view of financial sources. Therefore, the financial autonomy of universities and affordability for students should be balanced through incentives and awards and permitting limited financial autonomy.
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| 目 次： |
壹、問題意識
貳、私人興學自由與國家學術任務
一、興學自由之憲法依據
（一）興學自由之理念性
（二）本於工作權與其他之興學自由
二、高等教育之國家任務
（一）接受高等教育與生存概念
（二）照顧任務之分攤與其程度
三、學術性之服務經濟法
（一）給付行政與服務行政結合之法
（二）自治與競爭結合之法
（三）學術與經濟結合之法
（四）私立大學之雙面性
參、私校學費之管制概說
一、學費收取與其可限制性
（一）學費之性質與作用
（二）學費管制之憲法上理由
二、學費收取權之管制規範與其比較
（一）成本分擔制之理由
（二）學費管制之比較
肆、學費管制程序規範之分析
一、公價格法之管制模式
（一）價格管制類型
（二）釋憲判決之見解
（三）學費管制法之特殊性
二、基本調幅核算程序
（一）大學之教學成本
（二）受教者負擔能力
（三）指數連動法之調查方法
（四）費用上限之管制效果
（五）基本調幅核算程序之評價
三、收費基準之管制程序
（一）收費基準之程序私化
（二）價格資訊之管制程序
（三）特別調幅程序
四、管制手段之結合
伍、財源管制整體性之必要
一、財源整體性之構成
（一）獎助規定之檢討
（二）適當放寬財源管制
二、管制規定之開放特性
（一）基準授權規定之必要
（二）法令制定聽證程序之建議
（三）授權管制裁量規定之建議
三、財源管制決定組織與程序之建議
陸、結論
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