關 鍵 詞: |
防疫刑法;風險刑法;新冠肺炎;抽象危險犯;法益;法治國原則 |
中文摘要: |
本文的研究主旨在於,嘗試評介臺灣因應新冠肺炎疫情所制訂或運用的防疫刑法規定內容,並且批判性地分析其特徵與法治國原則上的正當性危機。本文認為,防疫刑法的本質正是一部風險刑法,並因此出現了風險刑法常見的正當性危機。當然,此些正當性危機並非毫無改善的可能性。依本文之見,在防疫工作上運用風險刑法應尚有下列實質的改善方案:首先,風險刑法必須能夠精確瞭解並掌握自己所要管理或解決的風險類型、內涵及其具體問題。再者,風險刑法應該更為細緻地對於不同的風險類型,採取不同的犯罪類型來加以掌握。最後,在制訂用來描述有關於法益侵害風險行為的從屬性構成要件要素時,必須摒棄特定極具爭議性的指引形式或從屬性要素類型,並精確制訂出得以發揮「預先規定功能」與「連結功能」的從屬性要素。儘管吾人難以期待在新冠肺炎疫情肆虐過後,防疫刑法這部風險刑法就會消聲匿跡,但至少可以期待的是,透過上述改善方案,可以使防疫刑法不至於從例外狀態時期所制訂的刑法規定偷渡轉化為常態性刑法,因而也可為潛在受規範者保留一定的個人自由與主體性。
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英文關鍵詞: |
Pandemic Criminal Law;Risk Criminal Law;COVID-19;Abstract Offence of Endangerment;Legal Interest;Rule-of-Law |
英文摘要: |
This study first attempts to introduce and analyze the pandemic criminal law in Taiwan that was established in light of COVID-19. Then, it is critically to research the rule-of-law crises in which Taiwanese pandemic criminal law finds itself. In terms of its characteristics, Taiwanese pandemic criminal law is undoubtedly a critical risk criminal law in which the legitimacy deficit is always growing. However, this legitimacy deficit is not impossible to overcome. In order to reduce its legitimacy deficit, it should first concretely illuminate the outline and problem of the risks to be solved. Secondly, it is necessary to understand different risks by means of differentiated types of offenses. Finally, some controversial referring facts must be dispensed with in view of the requirements of parliamentary reservation and definiteness in legislation. Only those referring facts that can develop the specification function and reference function are allowed. Through this coping plan, it is possible to prevent the pandemic criminal law arising in the Corona-State of exception from turning into a normality in criminal law.
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目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、臺灣防疫刑法的現狀 一、防疫刑法的概念範疇 二、妨害防疫物資取得行為規定 三、散布不實訊息行為規定 四、傳染他人行為規定 參、臺灣防疫刑法的特徵與危機 一、偏愛特別刑法的立法模式 二、從屬性構成要件要素的大量運用 三、保護法益界定的疑慮 四、小結:防疫刑法的本質正是風險刑法 肆、防疫刑法的正當性轉機 一、生命與健康風險才是防疫刑法的預防重心 二、禁止傳染他人行為規定作為個人法益保護手段 三、禁止妨害防疫物資準備與不實訊息管制規定作為集體法益保護手段 四、專業意見納入構成要件的正當立法模式 伍、結論
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