| 關 鍵 詞： |
國際法；海洋法；習慣國際法；航行安全；港口設施維護；海上人命安全國際公約；國際安全管理規則 |
| 中文摘要： |
近年來，因各國經濟增長情況良好，海上貿易蓬勃發展，我國經濟亦因此受惠，然近期國際海運業卻出現諸多亂象，尤其以頻繁發生的大型商船觸碰港口國碼頭事故尤為嚴重。而我國近來亦發生多起案例，已造成我國港埠業者鉅額的財產損失，然船公司每每以船東責任限制企圖減輕賠償責任。惟國際間對船舶在海上的航行安全標準與適航性義務，早已有國際海事公約規範，唯有在符合國際安全管理規則要求下之船東，才能享有船東責任限制之優待。而我國雖因外在客觀環境，無法成為國際公約締約國，但並不表示國際海事公約在我國無適用之餘地，內國法院受理此等訴訟時，仍應以國際法之原理原則與習慣國際法之角度加以審酌，方能正確認事用法，以保障我國權益，避免施惠於外國船東卻殃及我國人民之窘境。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
International Law；Law of the Sea；Customary International Law；Maritime Safety；Port Facility Maintenance；SOLAS Convention；ISM Code |
| 英文摘要： |
In these years, all economies have grown up and the maritime trade is well developed. Taiwan’s economy has also benefited from it, but recently there have been many chaos in the international maritime business, in particular the frequent accidents of large merchant ships contacting port facilities of states. Recently, there have been many cases in our country, which have caused huge property losses for the port state. Those shipping companies always try to reduce their damage by virtue of limiting of shipowner’s liability.
However, International Maritime Conventions have been set up and regulated the shipping safety standards and the seaworthiness obligations of ships at sea for a long time. Those shipowners who meet the requirements of International Safety Management Code is eligiable to enjoy the preferential treatment of the limitation of shipowner’s liability.
Although Taiwan cannot be a contracing party to International Conventions due to the external objective environment, it does not mean that International Maritime Conventions have no room for application of Taiwan’s membership. When domestic courts accept such proceedings, they wound comply to the principles of conventional international law, as well as the perspective of customary international law. We should correctly understand and apply the maritime law so as to protect the rights, privileges and interests for our country in order to avoid the dilemma of benefiting foreign shipowners, but hurting our marine industries and businessmen.
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| 目 次： |
壹、緒言
貳、港口設施維護與船舶適航性海上安全國際公約
參、港口國管制確保港口碼頭之航行安全
肆、海上人命安全國際公約及國際安全管理規則在我國法院司法實務之適用具國際法之強行法（Opinio Juris）規範
伍、從國外案例探究海上船舶適航性之認定標準
陸、我國現行國內公私法制闕漏芻議
柒、結論
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