| 關 鍵 詞： |
歐盟數位單一市場指令；法國競爭法；媒體議價；著作鄰接權；法國著作權法 |
| 中文摘要： |
歐盟於 2019 年通過數位單一市場著作權指令，以創設新聞出版者著作鄰接權之方式，保護新聞出版品之線上利用權。儘管爭議甚多，最終仍是通過生效，各國必須將該規定轉換至內國法。其中以法國對此一條文的轉換最為積極，並將協商義務及報酬計算等規定細緻化落實於法國著作權法中。然而因新聞媒體與科技巨擘級數位平臺的懸殊協商力量，協商過程屢受挫折，最後在兩次法國競爭委員會及上訴法院的介入之下，新聞出版者成功透過保全措施，使得 Google 必須秉持誠信原則進行協商。
本文從歐盟面對數位環境下著作權法的挑戰與革新，說明指令第 15 條新聞出版者鄰接權的內容與保護範圍，並檢驗法國如何以深具法國特色之方式，轉換指令第 15 條內容於著作權法中。接著分析法國競爭委員會之決定，並以巴黎上訴法院判決為中心，探討其為法國新聞議價設立之準則。其後反思著作權法與競爭法間充滿依賴卻又緊張矛盾之關係，檢視歐盟及法國新聞出版者著作鄰接權之規定。最後提出歐盟與法國經驗及所產生之問題，綜整論述，以期提供我國未來立法或管制之依據與參考。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
DSM Directive；Copyright；Press Publishers’ Right；Neighboring Right；Antitrust |
| 英文摘要： |
The EU introduced a copyright-related right as a means to encourage cooperation between press publishers and online services in its Digital Signal Market Directive in 2019. Publishers of press publications are provided with a right that includes making available online uses of their press publications by information society service providers. Authors of works and other subject-matter included in a press publication are entitled to an appropriate share of the revenues that press publishers receive from the platform. France was the first EU Member State to implement the new press publishers’ right in an Act that took effect on 24 July 2019. The new law stipulates that the authorization of the press publisher or the news agency is required before any reproduction or communication to the public of its press publications is made in digital form by an online public communication service. It also provides that the remuneration due for the reproduction and communication to the public of press publications in digital form should be based on the revenues derived from the exploitation, whether direct or indirect. With the introduction of this new law, Google decided to no longer display any excerpts of articles or any other content affected by this law, and did not pay any remuneration to press publishers based on the new neighboring rights. The French Competition Authority then sanctioned Google for non-compliance with injunctions imposed in its 2020 and 2021 decisions, thereby requiring Google to engage in negotiations in good faith with publishers and news agencies for the use of snippets of online news content. The purpose of this article is to analysis the interplay between copyright and antitrust law in the current digital platform environment. By providing an assessment of whether the antitrust law instrument is suitable for safeguarding the press publishers’ right, this article explores the possible approaches that Taiwan could take to respond to the challenge of the emergence of multi-sided platform business.
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| 目 次： |
一、前言
二、新聞出版者著作鄰接權之創設背景與實踐
（一）規範淵源：歐盟數位單一市場著作權指令
（二）數位單一市場著作權指令第 15 條：創設新聞出版者新權利
（三）法國著作權法轉換指令第 15 條並強化報酬規定
三、法國競爭委員會及法院於 Google 新聞議價案設立之準則
（一）競爭委員會 2020 年第 1 次決定：認定 Google 濫用市場地位應採取保全措施
（二）巴黎上訴法院 2020 年判決：肯定競爭委員會保全措施決定
（三）競爭委員會 2021 年第 2 次決定：認定 Google 違反第 1 次決定之保全措施，應予重罰
（四）後續發展：競爭委員會進行實體調查並發出市場測試通知
四、以競爭法來確保著作權的執行是否可行
（一）著作權法上協商義務違法是否構成濫用市場地位
（二）分潤機制、契約自由與模糊的著作權法例外規範
（三）歐盟數位服務法及數位市場法可能之影響
五、結論：兼論法國 Google 新聞議價案對我國可能之借鏡
（一）能否透過著作權法阻止數位平臺刊登精選摘要？
（二）能否透過公平交易法促成新聞議價或對抗數位平臺？
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