| 關 鍵 詞： |
社會復歸；公民參與；外部監督；行刑社會化；行刑透明化 |
| 中文摘要： |
本文主要探討視察型監督的法理，並試圖透過比較法研究檢討我國外部視察小組。矯正處遇的目的在於促進受刑人的社會復歸，因此社會有參與矯正處遇參與的責任，而非由刑事設施自身處理完結。社會參與矯正處遇需要的是倫理責任的支撐，而非僅是法律規範，借用 Levinas 的概念，透過看見受刑人的臉龐，可開啟對他者的溝通，形成倫理責任，超越法律規範帶來的框架限制。由此，行刑社會化與透明化是現代矯正處遇的重要原則，行刑社會化的一環即是公民參與矯正處遇，透明化則是確保社會看到受刑人的可能之外，以及社會對於刑事設施運作的理解。視察型監督作為社會的代表，監督刑事設施，接觸受刑人，促進社會、刑事設施與受刑人三方溝通的可能。於上述應然主張下，本文進一步比較英國獨立視察委員會、日本刑事設施視察委員會與台灣外部視察小組，並且也以欠缺視察型監督而是協力型公民參與矯正處遇的韓國作為對照。從比較法以觀，視察型監督儘管有其限制，但是在社會復歸的促成上是可以期待。本文並提出外部視察小組制度法制與運作上的建議：1.外部視察小組成員應該拓展至非專家的素人，加強社會對刑事設施與受刑人的認識和溝通。2.獨立性需要強化。3.外部視察小組應有研修訓練機制，促進成員可以掌握視察相關知識。4.有必要運用多樣的視察方法與提高視察頻率，如此建立有信任基礎的三面溝通關係，方能有助於社會復歸的實現可能。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
external monitor；transparency；correctional socialization；rehabilitation, civil participation |
| 英文摘要： |
The purpose of correctional treatment is to promote rehabilitation, which involves not only prisoners and correctional facilities, but also society as a whole. Society has a responsibility to participate in corrective treatment, rather than depend exclusively on correctional facilities. Therefore, transparent correctional socialization is an important principle in modern corrections: correctional socialization requires the participation of citizens in correctional treatment, and transparency ensures that members of society can witness actual correctional treatment practices. External prison monitors are representatives of civil society who supervise correctional facilities’ handling of prisoners. Ideally, the monitors promote tripartite communication between society, correctional facilities, and prisoners. In this article, I compare independent monitoring boards in the United Kingdom, penal-institution visiting committees in Japan, external inspection teams in Taiwan, and advisory committees for corrections facilities in South Korea. The first three institutions fall under the category of external prison monitor, whereas the last institution is more of a cooperative and participatory system. In the South Korean case, it can be proved that external prison monitors can help to promote correctional transparency. Through the prism of comparative law, we can see that current external inspection teams have their limits, but can promote social participation in corrective treatment and help facilitate rehabilitation responsibilities. Therefore, I argue that more amateur citizens should participate alongside experts in external inspection teams. In turn, external inspection teams should strengthen the training that their members undergo so that they can sufficiently grasp the principles of prison monitoring. Another change should be in the financial underwriting of external inspection teams: their funding should come not from correctional facilities but from independent sources, which will strengthen the overall independence of the teams. In addition, external inspection teams should improve their use of inspection methods and increase the frequency of inspections. These reforms should individually and collectively strengthen the trust between society, correction facilities, and inmates, and thus promote the possibility of rehabilitation.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、視察型監督之理論建構
一、社會復歸目的下的社會參與
二、行刑社會化
三、外部課責與視察型監督
四、刑罰民粹主義的疑慮？
參、視察型監督之比較法制
一、英國
二、日本
三、台灣
四、韓國
五、綜合比較
肆、結論
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