| 關 鍵 詞： |
解除管制；促進競爭；市場開放；競爭主管機關；行政程序；行政調查；數位平臺；競爭法 |
| 中文摘要： |
以掃除競爭障礙、促進競爭為目標的競爭政策，有別於消極防衛市場競爭不受損害的競爭法。傳統上競爭政策以競爭倡議為主要推動途徑，市場調查制度在英國出現後，國際間開始賦予競爭主管機關直接掃除競爭障礙之權限，成為競爭政策之新興推動途徑。歐盟數位市場法將市場調查與具守門人地位之數位平臺事前管制加以結合，並由競爭主管機關擔任共同執法單位，形成市場調查另一新模式。本文基於歷史詮釋之研究方法，以競爭政策從傳統到新興推動途徑之國際演變為主題，並將重點置於市場調查，詮釋英國此制度之整體設計與著名實例，繼而闡明歐盟數位市場法之基本架構及其設計的三種市場調查程序，最後以我國法為參照背景，瞭解實際施行時可能必須考慮的配套措施。依本文論析結果，強制性調查權力與當事人正式聽證之機會，對市場調查的有效性及正當性具有重要地位。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
deregulation；pro-competition；market liberalization；competition agency；administrative process；administrative investigation；digital；competition law |
| 英文摘要： |
In contrast with competition law that passively safeguards competition against derogation, competition policies are aimed at erasing competitive obstacles and positively promoting competition. Traditionally, competition policies have been promoted through competition advocacy, which is the mainstream approach and could be further divided into sheer advocacy, comprehensive policy and incremental policy models. Ever since the emergence of market investigations in the United Kingdom, competition agencies have started to have direct authorities to erase competitive obstacles, and market investigations have arisen to be a new approach to promoting competition policies. The Digital Markets Act of the European Union combines market investigation procedures with ex ante industrial regulation over digital platforms with a gatekeeper position, and involves the competition agency as a joint enforcement authority of this Act, thus generating a new model of market investigations. Based on the historical hermeneutical approach, this article is aimed at exploring the international evolution of approaches to promoting competition policies. It first explains the three models of the traditional mainstream approach, i.e. competition advocacy, then looks closely at the emerging approach of market investigations. The present article interprets the institutional design of market investigations in the United Kingdom, together with the retail banking investigation as a prominent example which led to the dawn of open banking. It further analyzes the basic framework of the Digital Markets Act and the three types of market investigation procedures devised therein. Finally, for the purpose of clarifying necessary measures to accommodate the market investigation scheme, this article uses Taiwan law as a reference to examine which type of ancillary measures should be considered while the scheme is actually put into practice. It finds that mandatory investigation power and formal hearings for parties play a pivotal role with regard to the effectiveness and legitimacy of market investigations.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言：競爭政策、競爭倡議與市場調查
貳、傳統主流競爭政策推動途徑：競爭倡議
一、純粹倡議模式
二、全面性政策推動模式
三、漸進政策推動模式
參、競爭政策新興推動途徑：以英國為代表的市場調查
一、制度特色
二、程序啟動：兩階段決策權力分離
三、調查期限
四、調查過程主要步驟
五、矯正措施
六、實例：零售銀行業市場調查與矯正措施－開放銀行
七、批評與侷限
八、小結
肆、與產業管制結合的市場調查：歐盟數位市場法
一、歐盟數位市場法簡介
二、本法設計的三種市場調查程序
三、共同程序特徵及與英國制度比較
伍、市場調查所需的配套措施：以我國法為背景的詮釋分析
一、強制性調查權力
二、調查所得資料用於矯正措施？
三、矯正措施所需要的法律基礎
陸、結論
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