| 關 鍵 詞： |
環境影響評估；開發行為；環評對象；環境項目；否決權制；制度功能 |
| 中文摘要： |
我國環境影響評估法自 1994 年公布後，迄今已有近 30 年的歷史，實務運作累積許多經驗，也產生許多問題，近年屢有修法的建議。本文著眼於哪些開發行為應進行環評？環評的項目應做如何改變？環評制度功能如何透過法規範引導予以確保？為解決此一問題，本文採取文獻分析及比較法為研究方法，以日本法為比較對象，透過分析後在立法論主張應對開發行為採取更細緻的類型化，並結合將程序機制的密度做多元的設計，以求程序上的理性；在評估項目也應配合法律制度的革新而與時俱進。在制度功能的確保上，也應重新檢視既有環評採取否決權制的做法，強制目的事業主管機關在決策上盡到說理義務並實質回應環評審查的意見，以使開發行為確實考量環境的影響。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
environment impact assessment；development action；the object of environment impact assessment；the items of environment impact assessment；veto right of environmental agency；the function of environment impact assessment |
| 英文摘要： |
Since Environmental Impact Assessment Act was formulated in 1994, it has been exercised near thirty years, and accumulate several experiences. At the same time, this institution causes many problems, citizen groups also apply a lot of suggestions. These problems and suggestions can be feedback to the institution when we want to amend this law. This article will focus on three issues follow. What kinds of development actions should implement EIA? When we exercise this institution, what items do we need to concern? At last, how can we ensure the institution function in the law? In order to solve these questions, this article accepts document analysis and compartment law as research methods and takes Japanese Environment Impact Assessment Act as the comparison object. Through my analysis, this article proposes three suggestions. First, in order to pursue the reason decisions, we should divide the development action meticulously, then combine it with diverse EIA procedures which be designed in the amendment of the environment assessment act. Second, the items of EIA need to keep path with time. Especially, these items must follow the innovations of the legal system. Finally, in the issue of ensuring EIA's function, we should examine Article 14 of the Environment Impact Assessment Act, and require each industry competent authority should fulfill its reasoning obligation. In order to ensure the decisions can concern the impactions of development action, each authority must substantively respond to the opinions in EIA's review.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、臺灣環境影響評估的制度輪廓及特色
一、現行環評程序的制度輪廓
二、環評制度功能的確保
參、日本環評法規範及運作結構
一、日本環評法的立法歷程
二、日本環評法制度功能的變遷
三、日本環評法的評估對象及項目
四、環評制度功能的確保
肆、從法制度比較到立法革新
一、環評制度於憲法上基礎的再確認
二、環評評估對象及項目
三、環評制度功能的確保
伍、結語
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