| 關 鍵 詞： |
中央與地方權限劃分；地方自治事項；地域關聯性；地方住民共同性；事物本質；功能意義之地方自治事項；憲法法庭111年憲判字第6號判決 |
| 中文摘要： |
憲法第 111 條規定事務有全國一致之性質者屬於中央，有一縣之性質者屬於縣。基此，判斷一事項是否為縣之地方自治事項，首在於該事項必須先具備有一縣之地域性要素。「地域」之概念理解，並不以根源於地方為必要，亦不以其作用或影響不具跨域效力為限。毋寧，只要一事項依其事物本質，與特定地域住民所組成之生活共同體具密切且特殊關聯性者，即為已足。在此理解下，憲法法庭 111 年憲判字第 6 號判決所採行之地域封閉性基準，容有商榷餘地。一事項一旦客觀上具有地域關聯性，地方自治團體原則上對其即享有自負責任立法並執行之權限。立法者若欲將其劃歸由中央統一規範，在我國憲法架構下雖不禁止，但應有正當事由，並應顧及受特別波及之地方自治團體的利益。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
separation of powers between the central and local authorities；local self-government matters；territorial connection；commonality of local inhabitants；nature of things；functional perspective on local self-government matters；Constitutional Court judgement 111 Hsien-Pan-6 |
| 英文摘要： |
Article 111 of the Constitution stipulates that if a matter is national in nature falls within the jurisdiction of the Central Government, while a matter concerns the county, belongs to the county. Thus, it is essential to distinguish the territorial element of the county first, then to consider the matter to be a local self-government matter. The concept of "territoriality" is not necessarily to be perceived to be locally rooted, nor is it necessary that its effects or influences to be non-transboundary. Rather, it is sufficient when a matter is, by its very nature, closely and specifically related to the community of life of the inhabitants of a particular territory. Under this perception, the test examining the transboundary influences and effects that the matter may bring, adopted by the Constitutional Court in its 6th judgement in the year of 2022 (111 Hsien-Pan-6), is yet open to question, Once a matter is objectively territorially connected, the local self-governing body has in principle the competence to legislate and enforce it on its own responsibility. If the legislator wishes to place it under Central Government's jurisdiction, this is not prohibited under our constitutional framework, but it should be done for legitimate reasons, taking into account the interests of the local self-governing bodies that are particularly affected.
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| 目 次： |
壹、問題之提出
貳、「地域性」作為地方自治事項判斷之要素
一、地方自治團體之組織與功能定性
二、「地域性」對地方自治之意義
三、德國基本法上「地域生活共同體事項」之概念理解
參、憲法法庭對地方自治事項新解之評析
一、地域性原則之肯定
二、「自治立法外溢效」判準之商榷
肆、「地域關聯性」概念內涵之應然與實然
一、地域關聯性之應然面
二、地域關聯性要素之實務見解
伍、具地域關聯性事項劃歸中央立法之正當事由
陸、結論
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