| 關 鍵 詞： |
例外狀態；法律明確性；法規命令；一般處分；比例原則 |
| 中文摘要： |
COVID-19 自 2019 年末爆發以來，已在全球造成大規模傳染與龐大的死亡人數，臺灣的確診人數也大幅超越 2003 年爆發的 SARS，可謂百年大疫。本文的關懷重點置於我國作為一個民主法治國家，相對於威權專制國家，究是如何一面防疫，一面兼顧來自 COVID-19 疫情對憲法上諸如基本權保障、權力分立及法律明確性等原則之要求所形成的挑戰。就此，本文先釐清不同防疫模式之訴求，換言之，是要求凍結、推移抑或維持常態憲法秩序下的誡命。蓋若非如此，則不能確定我國選擇不發布緊急命令，而以常態法制應對疫情之意義。再者，在我國未發布緊急命令以懸置法治國憲法誡命的前提下，其等應仍為防疫措施合憲性之界線，因此本文將分就立法、行政、司法面向，揀擇出若干與法治國憲法誡命產生相11牴觸嫌疑的防疫措施以為反思事例，再嘗試提出對於防疫舉措之具體改進建議。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
state of exception；legal certainty；statutory instrument；general decree；principle of proportionality |
| 英文摘要： |
Since the outbreak at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has caused a massive number of infections and deaths worldwide. The number of confirmed cases in Taiwan has surpassed the 2003 SARS outbreak and Covid-19 has now become "The Pandemic of the Century". The focus of this article is on how Taiwan, as a democratic state governed by the rule of law, could have controlled the pandemic while at the same time addressing the challenges posed to constitutional principles such as the protection of fundamental rights, separation of powers, and legal certainty. This article first clarifies whether the different models of counter-pandemic strategies call for freezing, adjusting, or maintaining the principles of constitutional law. This move is essential in determining the significance of the government's decision to respond to the COVID-19 under the normal legal order instead of an emergency decree. Further, this article analyzes a series of case-studies on the pandemic preventive measures from the perspective of the division of powers. This article argues that those measures were in conflict with principles of the rule of law from the legislative, executive, and judicial perspectives. This article proposes specific suggestions for those pandemic control measures accordingly.
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| 目 次： |
壹、序說
貳、防疫模式
一、例外狀態
二、緊急憲法
三、常態法制
參、立法：晦暗不明的明確性原則
一、圍繞 COVID-19 特別條例第 7 條所生之問題
二、明確性原則之憲法基礎及其具體要求
三、COVID-19 特別條例第 7 條是否符合法律明確性之要求
肆、行政：欠缺意識的行政行為形式選擇
一、疫情警戒標準及因應事項：一般處分抑或法規範？
二、法源有欠、行政行為形式不明的防疫規制集合
三、授權依據與作成形式均成疑的疫苗接種對象及優先順序規定
伍、司法：迴避實質合法性審查的提審裁定
一、從二則防疫時的提審裁定談起
二、我國憲法上人身自由之保障體系概述
三、重新理解疫情時刻下的提審制度
陸、對我國防疫舉措的具體改進建議
一、敏於自我修正與協力的立法與行政
二、疫情時刻的司法審查如何可能
三、提出建議之標準：終將回歸之常態法制
柒、結論
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