| 關 鍵 詞： |
吹哨行為；公益告發；吹哨者保護；揭弊者保護法草案；日本公益通報者保護法 |
| 中文摘要： |
吹哨者行為有助於揭發企業組織內部不法，但是行為人卻可能因為違反契約義務而受到雇主之報復甚或求償，造成為了維護公益而受到不利益之結果。另一方面，勞工向外揭露不法行為雖有助公共利益，惟終究是違反契約義務之行為，故而不應過於浮濫以免損及雇主正當利益。因此，需要制定相關法律以明確規定正當揭露不法行為之要件，除可提供吹哨者必要之法律保護外，亦可兼顧雇主正當利益。我國雖然也曾經提出數個版本之揭弊者保護法草案，惟均未能完成、立法程序，因此迄未能提供吹哨者一般性之保護規定。相較之下，日本公益通報者保護法係以提供內部告發者必要法律保護作為立法目的，並同時就公部門亦有規範，類似我國性別工作平等法之立法體例。此外，日本法明定告發者應先於內部通報，除特殊情況外須內部通報無效者始得向主管機關乃至媒體等一般大眾通報。本文以為日本法之立法目的明確規範內容清楚，亦擴大保護範圍至高階經理人，可作為我國未來制定法律時之參考。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Whistleblower behavior；Public interest complaint；Whistleblower Protection；Draft Whistleblower Protection Act；Whistleblower Protection Act in Japan |
| 英文摘要： |
Whistleblowing behavior contributes to exposing wrongdoing within corporate organizations. However, individuals who engage in such behavior may face retaliation or even legal actions from their employers due to breaches of contractual obligations, leading to unfavorable consequences for those seeking to uphold the public interest. On the other hand, while whistleblowing by employees can be beneficial for the public interest, it ultimately constitutes a breach of contractual obligations and should not be excessively indulged in order to avoid compromising the legitimate interests of employers. Therefore, it is necessary to establish relevant laws that explicitly define the requirements for legitimate whistleblowing. This not only provides the necessary legal protection for whistleblowers but also takes into account the legitimate interests of employers.
In our country, several drafts of whistleblower protection laws have been proposed, but none have been completed through the legislative process, thus failing to provide general protection for whistleblowers. In contrast, Japan has enacted the Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act with the legislative purpose of providing essential legal protection to internal whistleblowers and also regulating the public sector, similar to the legislative framework of our country's Gender Equality in Employment Act. Furthermore, Japanese law stipulates that whistleblowers must initially report internally and can only report to competent authorities or the media, among the general public, if internal reporting is ineffective, except in special circumstances.
This article argues that the legislative purpose and clear content of Japanese law provide a useful reference for our country when formulating future legislation. Additionally, Japanese law expands the scope of protection to high-level executives, making it a valuable reference for our country's future legal developments.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、吹哨者保護基本理論
一、保護之必要性
二、外國立法例概述
三、國內研究及推動立法概述
四、小結
參、日本公益通報者保護制度概述
一、立法背景
二、公益通報者保護法之定位與主管機關
三、保護規定之適用要件
四、適法公益通報之保護效果
五、現行法之重要規範
肆、日本法之啟示－兼論我國立法方向
一、公私合一之立法體例
二、「先內後外」之階段式揭弊通報機制
三、配置受理通報之專責人員
四、通報者之法律保護
陸、結論
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