關 鍵 詞: |
全球化;知識經濟;知識差距;法律全球化;本國法;超國界法;法律鴻溝;專利藥;國民健康權 |
中文摘要: |
「全球化」效力影響之下,人類社會經濟發展蛻變到今日「知識經濟」時代,專利權儼然已成為國家競爭力的核心。惟由於「知識」被集中掌控於少數人,使得「知識差距」,不僅造成不公平競爭與貧富差距的擴大,更引起階級之間的對立衝突。同時,受到「法律全球化」之影響,「超國界法」不僅超越本國法,同時也凌駕於國際法,更進而形成「法律鴻溝」。這種「知識差距」與「法律鴻溝」的雙重反效果,更加劇低度開發國家與已開發國家之間的對立與衝突,特別是在專利藥和國民醫療健康權間之競合關係,如此以來,不免令人省思法律強調公平正義背後蘊含的價值判斷究竟為何。爰此,本文以超國界法與本國法競合,以及專利藥與國民健康權競合作為二大主軸,同時以比較法學與法律經濟分析作為研究方法,探討「知識差距」與「法律鴻溝」之下當代專利正義蘊含的法律價值判斷,以期法律系統能夠在「全球化」效應之下,依然得以週而復始維持於動態均衡。
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英文關鍵詞: |
Globalization;Knowledge-Based Economy;Knowledge Gap;Legal Globalization;National Laws;Transnational Laws;Legal Gap;Patent Medicine;National Health Care Rights |
英文摘要: |
As knowledge-based economy is developing under the globalization trends, knowledge innovation changes quickly and dramatically. The related technology, management, and legal protection mechanism based on intellectual property have become the core competence of the company. However, due to the impact of knowledge-based economy under the globalization trends, the knowledge has been controlled by quite a limited number of people, and the knowledge gap is ensued, which leads to unfair competition. Meanwhile, the influence of legal globalization forces national laws to move toward the homogeneity and standardization, resulting in the legal gap between national laws and transnational laws. Both the knowledge gap and legal gap causes an intensified legal imbalance, especially the conflict between patent medicine and national health care rights, and therefore conflicts between developed countries (rich countries) and developing or underdeveloped countries (poor countries) are inevitable. The aims of this study are to review the basic value behind the patent justice, and clarify the knowledge gap and legal gap formed by patent medicine and national health care rights with a focus on the conflict thereof and the competition between national laws and transnational laws. This study adopts the comparative law and legal economic analysis as research methods to explore all the above-mentioned issues.
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目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、全球化之迷思 一、全球化發展具有多元面向 二、「知識經濟全球化」的「知識差距」與「法律全球化」的「法律鴻溝」 三、全球化轉趨於全球在地化 四、小結:全球化的反思—「反思的現代化」 參、超國界法與本國法間之競合與法律鴻溝之調和 一、超國界法與本國法秩序間處於競爭狀態,二者法秩序呈現反向關係 二、超國界法與本國法秩序間交互作用(競合關係),二者法秩序呈現正向關係 三、本國法秩序之間與超國界法成員國家間並非皆是呈現正向關係 四、小結:超國界法與本國法之競合將隨著時間的推移而趨於動態均衡 肆、專利藥與國民健康權之間的競合關係 一、專利藥與國民健康權之間的衝突 二、國民醫療健康權屬於國際人權法之一環 三、國民醫療健康權適用本國法之爭議 四、小結:國民醫療健康權應落實憲法揭示基本人權保障 伍、專利藥品供給需求與價量關係 一、專利法評價之思維—法律經濟分析 二、專利法經濟誘因之提供—經濟學抵換關係 三、藥品專利權設計機制之省思 四、專利藥品連結制度( Patent Linkage)引進之反思 五、專利藥品強制授權制度援引之利弊得失 六、小結:法律給予獨占利益並不因此而限縮市場供給 陸、結論
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