| 關 鍵 詞: |
聯合協議;私法效力;取締規定;效力規定;公平交易法;相對無效;一部無效 |
| 中文摘要: |
違反競爭法之聯合行為,具有高度反競爭性,對市場競爭之限制程度高,各國無不予以高度管制。有關共謀違法聯合行為事業彼此之間,可否依據聯合行為之協議(簡稱聯合協議)對他事業有所主張,涉及違法聯合協議之私法上效力問題。在我國曾經出現的相關司法判決中,法院大多採取違法聯合協議在私法上仍然有效的見解;然而在這些判決中不僅未能見到令人信服的理由構成,而且與國內競爭法學者普遍採取的見解亦不相同。由於我國公平交易法對於此問題並未提供足以判斷何者為當的具體基礎,吾人必須回到民法第 71 條違反禁止規定行為私法效力之一般性判斷標準,就該條文之功能定位與競爭法禁止違法聯合行為之規範意旨出發,從法理與國外實務發展雙方面重新省思此一問題之適當解答。按違法聯合行為是目前競爭法領域中違法性共識最高,各國也亟欲消滅的禁止行為類型,參考各國目前法規與實務發展,否定其私法上效力應屬較為妥適之規範立場。本文針對違法聯合協議民法上拘束力進行深入分析,希望對於一般違反競爭法行為之私法上效力應該如何認定,也能夠有所啟發。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
horizontal agreement;validity in private law;grounds of invalidity;Article 71 of the Civil Code;partial voidness |
| 英文摘要: |
Concerted actions that violate competition law are highly anticompetitive, and seriously hinder market competition. All countries heavily regulate such actions. In the E.U., laws explicitly void such actions in private law. Since recently the U.S. and the E.U. imposed huge fines on Taiwanese businesses, local businesses began to pay attention to competition law. Among cartel businesses, can one business claim against another based on the breach of the agreement of a concerted action? This should be up to the validity of the illegal concerted action agreement under private law. In the limited cases in Taiwan, no convincing opinion is found, and most of them are against the worldwide trend. As the Fair Trade Act is being amended, this essay analyzes cases, reviews Article 71 of the Civil Code, and proposes several factors for evaluating the validity of an illegal concerted action and grounds of voidance under private law. The authors hope it can be a reference for the amendment.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、聯合協議私法上效力之判決實證分析 一、判決統計結果 二、相關個案之判決見解 三、實務見解整理評析:以公平交易法為基點的釋義反省 參、民法第 71 條:實務態度與理論省思 一、民法第 71 條之規範功能 二、取締規定與效力規定之學理區別標準 三、最高法院見解實證分析:取締規定與其法定法律效果之關連性 四、效力層面:違反取締規定未必即應絕對有效 肆、違法聯合協議應有之私法效力狀態 一、違法聯合協議應為無效 二、美國與歐盟法制皆採取無效立場 三、聯合行為參加者與第三人契約之效力 伍、結論
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