| 關 鍵 詞: |
歐盟資料戰略;GDPR;資料治理法;資料法;數位市場法;數位服務法;歐洲資料空間;競爭法 |
| 中文摘要: |
資料是現代經濟的重要生產要素,被視為新型態的資產。資料經濟創造了機會與繁榮,但資料信賴與安全問題始終存在,還存在對使用者的保護不足、標準不一,以及資料市場參與者的地位不對稱等問題。資料經濟可以理解為衡量資料市場對整體經濟的影響程度,而資料市場則是指原始資料經處理後,得作為商品或服務而被交換的市場,資料市場影響資料經濟的方式有直接、間接及誘發的影響三個方向。歐盟調查發現其資料經濟的主要問題包括:資料流通與資料取得障礙、市場力不對等、資料標準化、資料共享與資料治理、基礎設施依賴,以及網路安全等諸多面向。執委會依其 2020 年「歐洲資料戰略」,提出合目的性的法律架構,以實現歐盟跨領域的資料空間。除了早先提出的「一般個人資料保護規則」,還有「資料治理法」、「資料法」、「數位市場法」、「數位服務法」,並且應落實競爭政策及加強競爭法的執行。我國數位國家發展的環境,與歐盟面臨相似的問題,歐盟資料經濟法制建設的經驗,在概念與作法上值得借鏡。在立法政策上政府應推動的方向包括,積極修正個人資料保護法、制定具共通治理架構性質的資料中介專法、推動與資料利用相關重要議題的立法,以及提升競爭機關市場監視密度與執法力道。
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| 英文關鍵詞: |
European data strategy;GDPR;Data Governance Act;Data Act;Digital Markets Act;Digital Services Act;European data space;Competition Law |
| 英文摘要: |
Data is essential for production in modern economy and is considered as a new type of asset. Data economy has brought plenty opportunities and prosperity, whereas the problems, such as lacking data trust and safety, insufficient or inconsistent level of users' protection, unbalanced position of market operators, etc., remain to exist. Data Economy measures the overall impacts of the Data Market on the economy as a whole, while the Data Market is the marketplace where digital data is exchanged as "products" or "services" as a result of the elaboration of raw data. The Data Economy includes three sets of impacts in the economy: direct, indirect and induced impacts. According to EU market survey conducted by the European Commission, several issues are revealed, including: obstacles for free flow of data, availability of data, imbalanced in market power, data interoperability or standardization, data governance and sharing, infrastructural dependencies, and so on. A package of fit-for-purpose legislations was introduced for tackling those problems. In addition to the incumbent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), other legal instruments, i.e., Data Governance Act (DGA), Data Act (DA), Digital Market Act (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA), were successively put in place for the realization of cross-border horizontal European data spaces. For pursuing a thriving data economy, Taiwan and EU share the same goal and encounter similar challenges. Learning from the EU's experiences, there are four legislative policy initiatives recommended to the government: actively engage in amending our Personal Data Protection Act, enacting a new law as a common governance framework for data intermediation, promoting the revision of existing laws and regulations relevant to data access and reuse, intensifying market surveillance and enhancing competition law enforcement by the competition authority.
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| 目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、資料經濟中的資料及其相關問題 一、資料經濟與資料 二、資料經濟中的資料相關問題 參、合目的性的法律架構 一、GDPR 二、資料治理法(Data Governance Act, DGA) 三、資料法(Data Act, DA) 四、數位市場法(Digital Markets Act, DMA)與數位服務法(Digital Services Act, DSA) 五、落實競爭政策與強化競爭法執行 肆、我國資料治理現況的觀察 伍、結論與建議-歐盟法制對我國立法政策的啟示 一、積極修正個人資料保護法 二、訂定具共通治理架構性質的資料中介專法 三、推動其他與資料利用相關重要議題的立法 四、提升競爭機關市場監視密度與執法力道
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