| 關 鍵 詞： |
消費者保護；信用資訊；信用分數；財產保險；核保；危險估計；平等原則；對價平衡 |
| 中文摘要： |
個人信用資訊為消費者個人之財務管理及自我選擇行為之結果，可協助保險業在進行個人財產保險核保時，能更精確地估計危險。保險之本質乃是透過危險之篩選及評價，對於不同危險團體為區別性對待。因此，任何能夠協助精確估定被保險人危險移轉之訊息，均應提供保險人作為核保考量因素。然而，由於個人信用資訊於核保運用仍有缺失，對於特定少數種族及低收入族群有負面信用評價，導致他們於投保時承受不公平待遇，遂有消費者團體倡議，全面禁止個人信用資訊使用於個人財產保險之核保。
本文除檢視贊成說及反對說之主張，並從保險本質及實質平等權之概念，探究個人信用資訊運用於保險核保之合法性與正當性。其次，介紹及分析美國相關制度與立法現況。最後，分析我國現況與潛在缺失，參酌美國成例提出建議作為未來制度規劃時之參考。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
Consumer Protection；Credit Information；Credit Score；Property Insurance；Underwriting；Risk Appraisal；Principle of Equity；Consideration |
| 英文摘要： |
Individual credit information is the results of financial management and consumers’ own choices and is able to assist the insurer to achieve risk appraisal more accurate in property insurance of personal lines. By its very nature, insurance is a system to discriminate risks among different classes of individuals. Any factors relevant to the assessment of the risks transferred from the policyholders should be supplied to the insurer for the risk underwriting. In the United States, due to some malpractices from the use of credit information in the insurance sector, some groups of specific minor races and low-incomes are discriminated by the negative effect from their credit information. As a result, from the view of consumer protectionists, it is argued to prohibit completely the use of individual credit information in personal property insurance.
In addition to reviewing the assenting and dissenting views respectively, this paper explores the legality issue and justification of the use of individual credit information in personal property insurance, based on the nature of insurance and principle of equity. Furthermore, it studies and analyzes the current existing relevant law and regulation in the United States. By reference to the U.S. model, certain potential failures in Taiwan are identified and recommendations in regulation and legislation are submitted to the regulatory authorities for the system design in the future.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、個人信用資訊之功能及對保險之影響
一、概說
二、個人信用資訊之功能
三、個人信用資訊與核保之關聯性
參、核保上使用個人信用資訊之辨正及理由
一、核保使用個人信用資訊正、反雙方之辨正
二、法理上之論證
三、小結
肆、美國之立法現況
一、概說
二、聯邦法
三、州法之規範
四、小結
伍、我國監理制度之建構－結論與建議
一、我國現況
二、建議
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