| 關 鍵 詞： |
大學生之救濟；大學之處置；特別權力關係；大學自治權；司法院釋字第六八四號解釋 |
| 中文摘要： |
關於大學生對於學校處置不服能否救濟之問題，在司法院釋字第六八四號解釋作出之前，教育部及行政法院皆是適用司法院釋字第三八二號解釋來處理其訴願與行政訴訟事件。即學校對於學生所為之退學或類此之處分，因足以改變學生身分，損及其受教育之機會，對人民憲法上受教育之權利有重大影響，此種處分行為應為行政處分。學生對此處分不服，在用盡校內之申訴管道未獲救濟時，得提起訴願及行政訴訟救濟。相反地，如學生所受處分係為維持學校秩序、實現教育目的所必要，且未侵害其受教育之權利者（例如記過、申誡等處分），除循學校內部申訴途徑謀求救濟外，不得提起訴願及行政訴訟。惟司法院釋字第六八四號解釋改變此一見解，認為只要大學對學生所為行政處分或其他公權力措施，侵害學生受教育權或其他基本權利，即使非屬退學或類此之處分，仍應許權利受侵害之學生提起行政爭訟。在該號解釋之後，對於大學那些處置屬於行政處分，與大學生對於學校那些處置得尋求司法救濟及如何救濟的問題，皆須打破過去的思維方式、框架與圍籬，重新思考與建構。而本文即欲提出此重新思考與建構後的結果。
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| 英文關鍵詞： |
student’s right of instituting legal proceedings；action of a university；relationship of especially power；autonomy of university；Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 684 |
| 英文摘要： |
Before the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 684 has been made, the Ministry of Education and the Administrative Court tried their cases in administrative appeal and administrative litigation according to the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 382. It meant, an expulsion or similar action taken by a university against one of its students will change that student’s status and hinder his/her opportunity to receive an education. In light of its significant impact on the people’s right to education guaranteed by the Constitution, such a disciplinary action shall be classified as an administrative act subject to administrative appeal and administrative litigation. The disciplined student is entitled to bring an administrative appeal and later an administrative litigation when he/she has exhausted all remedies available within his/her university. Whenever a disciplinary action, such as recording a demerit or reprimand, is necessary for the maintenance of a university’s order or realization of educational purposes and does not infringe upon the student’s right to education, the student(s) affected should only be allowed to appeal within the university, and not be allowed to bring administrative appeal and litigation. But the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 684 changes this meaning and says, when a university makes administrative decisions or other public authority measures, if the decisions or measures infringe the student’s right to education or other constitutional rights, even if the decisions or measures are not expulsions or similar decisions, the student whose right has been infringed shall be allowed to bring administrative appeal and litigation. In this article will been discussed, how to judge whether an action of a university is an administrative act and how can the student institute legal proceedings against it after the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 684.
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| 目 次： |
壹、前言
貳、憲法對訴訟權之保障
一、不許特別權力關係相對人救濟之謬誤
（一）德國之發展
（二）憲法第十六條在法治國家下之意義
二、權利受侵害之判斷
三、能否救濟概念之釐清
參、大學對學生所為處置之種類與性質
一、學（課）業方面之處置
二、紀律懲戒部分之處置
三、維護校園秩序之處置
四、生活管理措施
五、涉及宿舍使用之處置
六、依法律所為之決定
肆、行政處分之判斷
一、單科學期成績之評定
二、紀律懲戒措施
伍、救濟管道與行政訴訟種類之選擇
陸、學校之判斷餘地與法院之審查密度
柒、結論
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